14. a. Prostate Pathology Flashcards
What are the 3 forms of prostatitis?
Acute bacterial
Chronic bacterial
Granulomatous
What causes bacterial prostatitis?
UTIs
What is granulomatous prostatitis?
Due to infection, idiopathic, sarcoid
May mimic cancer by increasing PSA and feeling malignant on DRE
What does BPH stand for?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
What part of the prostate is usually involved in BPH?
Transitional zone
What are the symptoms of BPH?
Obstructive eg. poor flow, incomplete emptying
Irritative eg. urgency, frequency
Symptoms aren’t related to size
How does the bladder of a man with BPH appear at autopsy?
Trabeculated due to muscle hypertrophy
What is the most common type of prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma, microacinar variant
What are rarer forms of prostate cancer?
SCC Small cell Sarcoma Lymphoma Secondary direct invasion from bladder
What genetic syndromes cause an increase in prostate cancer?
Lynch syndrome
BRCA
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Vast majority incidental findings
Can mimic BPH
Mets: sudden onset back pain
What is PSA?
Glycoprotein secreted by prostatic epithelial cells to liquefy semen
Usually but not always increased in prostate cancer
How is a prostate biopsy taken?
Ultrasound probe into rectum
12 biopsies taken
Negative biopsy doesn’t exclude cancer as it can be easily missed
How does prostate cancer appear microscopically?
Minimal pleomorphism
Infrequent mitosis
How does prostate cancer appear on histology?
Small crowded glands
Large nuclei
Lack of basal myoepithelial cells
