Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REGUB > 14. b. Testes, Penis and Scrotum > Flashcards

14. b. Testes, Penis and Scrotum Flashcards

1
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Testis don’t descend into scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of a genetic cause of cryptorchidism

A

Prader Willi syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What complications are associated with cryptorchidism?

A

Atrophy and infertility

Increased risk germ cell tumour including in the unaffected testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a varicocoele?

A

Dilated veins in the spermatic cord

Can lead to fertility problems due to warmth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

Fluid collection in tunica vaginalis

Due to infection, hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of orchitis in young men?

A

STDs

Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes orchitis in older men?

A

UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is testicular torsion most common?

A

At birth and puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tumours can be found in the testis?

A

Germ cell most common
Sex cord/stromal tumours eg. leydig cell
Rarely lymphoma and mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the risk factors for germ cell tumours?

A

White
Cryptorchidism
Klinefelter syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does T2 mean in relation to testicular tumours?

A

Vascular or tunica albuginea invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does T3 mean in relation to testicular tumours?

A

Cord invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does T4 mean in relation to testicular tumours?

A

Scrotum invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What lymph nodes does testicular cancer spread to?

A

Iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the most common sites for mets from testicular cancer?

A

Lungs

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the average age for seminomas vs non-seminomas?

A

40s in seminoma

30s in non-seminoma

17
Q

What is the main treatment for seminomas vs non-seminomas?

A

S: Radiation
NS: chemo

18
Q

What markers are present in non-seminoma testicular tumours?

A

hCG in choriocarcinoma

AFP in yolk sac tumours

19
Q

What are the types of non-seminoma testicular tumours?

A

Embryonal carcinoma
Yolk sac tumour
Teratoma
Choriocarcinoma

20
Q

What word is given to describe an abnormal opening of the urethra in the penis?

A

Hypospadia and epispadia

21
Q

What word describes an inability to retract the foreskin?

A

Phimosis

22
Q

What are causes of phimosis?

A

Chronic inflammation due to poor hygiene

Dermatological conditions such as lichen sclerosis

23
Q

What is the most common cancer in the penis?

A

SCC

24
Q

Which lymph nodes does penile cancer met to first?

A

Inguinal

REGUB (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions