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REGUB > 23. STDs > Flashcards

23. STDs Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogen causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

How long is the incubation period of syphilis?

A

3-90 days

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3
Q

What are symptoms of primary syphilis?

A

single painless chancre at sight of innoculation

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4
Q

How long after the primary infection is the secondary syphilis infection?

A

2-12 weeks

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a secondary syphilis infection?

A

Rash on palms and soles
Fever, sore throat, malaise
CNS
Condyloma lata

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of tertiary syphilis?

A

Aortitis
Neurosyphilis: meningitis, spinal cord lesions
Gummas (granulomatous)

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of early congenital syphilis?

A

Baby under 2
Hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy
Rhinitis, rash
Skeletal abnormalities

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of late congenital syphilis?

A

Baby older than 2
Facial features, Hutchinson teeth
Intellectual disability

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9
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Dark field microscopy of chancre
Serology: specific and qualitative vs non-specific quantitative
CSF serology if neurosyphilis

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10
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Penicillin G

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11
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis if the patient has a penicillin allergy?

A

Doxycycline

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12
Q

How long is the treatment for early, late and neurosyphilis?

A

Early: 1 dose IM
Late: 3 weeks 1 dose IM
Neuro: 10-14 IV

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13
Q

What adverse reaction occurs when treating syphilis?

A

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction

Release of spirochaete antigens once the treatment begins causes an immune response

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14
Q

What agar is used to culture neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

NYC

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of gonorrhoea?

A

Majority asymptomatic
Men: urethritis and epididymitis
Women: cervicitis, PID

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16
Q

What can gonorrhoea cause in infants?

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

17
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

Microscopy and culture: urethral swab, conjunctival swab

NAAT: first void urine, endocervical/vulvovaginal swab

18
Q

What is the treatment for neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

IM ceftriaxone

19
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia D-K in women?

A

Cervicitis
Urethritis
PID and pregnancy complications

20
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia D-K in men?

A

Urethritis
Acute epididymitis
Proctitis

21
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

NAAT on swabs

aspirate buboes in L serovars

22
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia D-K?

A

Macrolide or doxycylcine

23
Q

What are the stages of a lymphogranulomatous venerum infection?

A

Primary: ulcer
Secondary: inguinal lymphadenopathy, proctitis
Late: fibrosis

24
Q

What is the treatment for lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Doxycycline for 3 weeks

25
Q

What kind of pathogen is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Protozoa

26
Q

What is the clinical significance of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Women: vaginal discharge, itchy vulva, dysuria, prem rupture of membranes and low birth weight
Men mostly asymptomatic

27
Q

What is the treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

28
Q

What pathogen causes chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducrej

29
Q

What are the features of chancroid?

A

Ulcer and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy

30
Q

What is the management of chancroid?

A

Aspirate

Azithro, ceft and cipro

31
Q

Where does latent herpes reside?

A

Sacral nerve ganglia

32
Q

What management can reduce the incidence of neonatal herpes simplex?

A

Suppressive therapy in third trimester

C-section

33
Q

Which HPV viruses cause genital warts?

A

6 and 11

34
Q

What treatments can be used to remove genital warts?

A

Chemical/physical destruction with trichloroacetic acid
Immunological therapy with imiquimod
Surgical excision/cryotherapy

35
Q

What links are there between HIV and other STDs?

A

Disrupted mucosa allows HIV to enter easily

Increased HIV secretion in co-infection

REGUB (31 decks)

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