Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REGUB > 2. Disorders of Sodium Balance > Flashcards

2. Disorders of Sodium Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is pseudohyponatraemia?

A

Increased lipid or protein portion of blood, or high glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the lowest possible osmolality in the distal tubule?

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the highest possible osmolality in the distal tubule?

A

1400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define hyponatraemia

A

<135

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define anuria

A

Urine output less than 500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are marathon runners in danger of water intoxication?

A

ADH is released due to high stress so urine osmolality is not suppressed and excrete an too little water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does heart failure affect urine concentration?

A

Low CO results in decreased baroreceptor firing, causing increased ADH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs of SIADH?

A

Reduced serum osmolality
Urine osmolality > plasma
Urine sodium reflects intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the neurological causes of SIADH?

A

Meningitis
Tumour
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pulmonary causes of SIADH?

A

Lung cancer

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the stress causes of SIADH?

A

Pain
Vomiting
Post-op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the drug causes of SIADH?

A

Ecstacy
Antipsychotics, SSRIs
Narcotics
Cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What severe symptoms can be caused by hyponatraemia?

A

Water goes into cells: in the brain this causes cerebral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for severe symptoms of hyponatraemia?

A

Hypertonic saline: 3% 150ml over 20 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for mild symptoms of hyponatraemia?

A

Normal saline (0.9%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What conditions might patient have asymptomatic hyponatraemia?

A

Heart failure

Chronic liver disease

17
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic hyponatraemia?

A

Water restriction and increase NaCl
Treat underlying cause
Loop diuretics
Demeclocycline in palliative cases

18
Q

What is hypernatraemia?

A

> 145

Water excretion is more than intake

19
Q

What is the generation and maintenance of hypernatraemia?

A

Generation: gain of sodium and loss of water
Maintenance: inability to access water

20
Q

What is the free water deficit?

A

Increase in sodium is proportional in weight loss due to water so can be used to calculate the amount of water to be given

21
Q

Give the equation for free water deficit?

A

(Na+ - 140)/140 x kg of body weight x 0.5

REGUB (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions