27. Prostate and Testicular Cancer Flashcards
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
White Undescended testis Genetics Contralateral testicular cancer Infertility
What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?
Painless unilateral testicular swelling or nodule
Heaviness in scrotum
Scrotal or lower abdominal pain
How is testicular cancer diagnosed?
Trans-scrotal ultrasound
AFP, B-hCG and LDH
CXR
CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis
What is the treatment for testicular cancer?
Radical orchidectomy
Chemo
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
What agents are given in the chemotherapy of testicular cancer?
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Cisplatin
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Age
Hereditary
Race
Diet: high saturated fat
What factors can cause false negative PSA?
BPH
Post ejaculation
Urinary retention
Where does prostatic cancer spread to?
Bladder and seminal vesicles
Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
Pelvic nodes along the internal iliac vein
When is an MRI used in prostate cancer?
Local staging when negative biopsy but high PSA
What investigations can be done into prostate cancer?
FBC, U&E, LFT PSA Alk phos Transrectal ultrasound MRI prostate Bone scan
What is the treatment for prostate cancer?
Active surveillance
Watchful waiting
Surgery
Radiotherapy
What is the difference between active surveillance and watchful waiting?
Surveillance in younger patients: look for progression and will treat if it does
Watchful waiting in older patients; more palliative
What are the treatment options for late prostate cancer?
Androgen deprivation therapy
Anti-androgens, LHRH antagonists
Heavy duty chemo in young patients
