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4-Politics-Paper 1- Uk Politics And Ideas > 4-political Parties > Flashcards

4-political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Political parties

A

Organisations with a formal membership
Put up candidates for election
Largely united by a shared ideological identity

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2
Q

How parties promote democracy

A

Effective functioning of rep democracy- united simlar views collated in one party
Opp parties hold the governering party to account
Develop coherent political programmes and manifestos- clear choice increases turout
Opportunity for participation- membership, campaigning, consultation, leadership, candidate selection

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3
Q

How political parties undermine democracy

A

Decrease voter choice- unlikely to fully rep voters views
Sometimes range of policeies narrow- little real choice0- more choice in 2015, 2017, 2019
Stifle parliamentry denate- whips enforcing party discipline
Issues oversimplified - esp 2019 brxit- pubilc disillusionment meant less likely to vote leading to low turnout
Parties sometimes unrep- gap between views of elected party policies and broader electorate/party supporters- eg, con and ld in coalition not rep ld
Need to raise large sums of money- party accused of giving favours in return for large donations- ‘cash for honours’ ‘cash for access’, unions and labbour
Main two parties dominate fundraising does not create a level playing fild
Some parties extremist ant parliamentary or anti democratic policies- socilaist partiees, bnp

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4
Q

Restrictions on political parties can spend during campaigns

A

Political parties, elections and referendums act 2000
Establish electoral commission to monitor electoral spending
Limit how much spend in a constituency- 54k,
Ban donations from abroad- no russian
Declare any donations over 7.5k
Max fine 20k if spending rules broken

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5
Q

Etv political parties in uk should be funded by the state

A

Loa- no

In uk- political parteies raise funds from donations
2019 ge ober 30mill donations, most con
Av donation oevr 70k
Argument if undemocratic and unfair to smaller parties in current arrangemnts

More democracti
Level playing field
Practical and popular

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6
Q

State funded political parties- more democratic yes

A

Reduce influence of ‘big money’
End fear wealthy an influential too much power
Lord bamford jcb donate over 3mill to con
Ty for labour
Cause ‘cash for honours’
Thik tank open democracy 2019- 1/5 con dondors recieved honors and titles

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7
Q

State funded political parties- more democratic- no

A

Undemocratic to prevent people donating moey to the party they support0– against basic rights to support a cause believe in
State funding disconnect parties from their supporters and higher levels of mistrust and apathy amog voters
Measures to regulate- all significant donations declared- made moere accessible with foi- westminster accounst sku

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8
Q

State funded political parties- more elevel playing field- yes

A

Smaller party cant compete- smaller donations
2019- of 20 mill to parties, over 60% to con

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9
Q

More level playng field- not the case- state funding politicla parties

A

Does money help in results
No ld 2019 spent more than labour- but seats fel from 12 to 11
Diff to allocate funds fairly- most likely on size and support- till an imbalance

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10
Q

Practicality and popularity- yes- state funding political parties

A

Relatively easy to introduce
Some state. Funding already takes place- ‘short money’ for opp party to support policy business and research

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11
Q

Practical and popular- state funded political parteis- no

A

Not good way to spend taxpayer money
Unpopular with electorate

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12
Q

Traditional conservatievs

A

From english civil war- royalists support status quo- feared parliamentary power
Hobbes- strong gov needed to control cities and aoid anarchy
Burke- pragmatism and respect authority and tradition
19th century association:
Tradition- respect monarchy and church, stability and strong gov, pragmatism, protection of property

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13
Q

One nation conservatives

A

Disraeli- prooposed more inclusive and progressive form of conservatism- party protect interests of whole nation not jst rich and powerful
Mixed economy
Welfare state important
Similar to new right on law and rder- harsh
Bill of rights
Assertive and firm line on foreign policy- euroskepiticism

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14
Q

New right

A

Thatcherism
Free market, privatisation, cut taxes
Less state intervention, less public spending on welfare,
Authority ,tough on crime
Assertive, firm line (faulklands) euroskeptic

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15
Q

Cameron con aproach

A

Pragmatism rather than ideological
No liberal- low tax and reduce deficit
More tolerant- gay marriage

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16
Q

Boris approach

A

One nation
More tolerant attitude with social affairs
Elements neo lib and neo con

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17
Q

Truss approach

A

New right policy on economy

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18
Q

Neolib recent policies

A

Lowe tax to encourage growth
Aim to reduce deficit- austerity
2019 manifesto commitmnet not to increase vat

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19
Q

Neo con approach recently

A

Cut immigration and brexit- patriotism, natinoal strength
Strong national security, defence, law and order (locking on bill)
Further lords reform- oppose
2019 greater stop and search power to police

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20
Q

One nation policies recent years

A

Gay marriage
National livibg wage
2019 5bn new social care package

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21
Q

How influential thaterism and new right on modern con party- themes

A

Econ welfare
Law and order
Foreign policy

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22
Q

Old labour

A

Established 1900- rep working class
Compromise bwteen democratic socialist (idea capitalism inevitably and gradually replaced by socialsm) and social democracy (faiere society will be achieved by reforming the capitalistic system

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23
Q

Old labour policies

A

Nationalisation- clause 4
High tax on rich
Social equality- fainess
Nhs high spending
Cradle to grave
Generous welfare benefits
Optimum rehabilitation over punishment- less harsh law and order
Foreign policy- anti imperislsm
Anti war- more pacifist
Anti nuclear weapons

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24
Q

New labour

A

Gradually under kinnock bbut finalised under blair
Influenced by giddens ‘third way0’ socialism and capitalism compromise
Remove claus 4, less redistribution of ewealth
More busienss friendly, lower corperation tax
Nhs, education spending
Introudction of tuition fees
Tough on crime and law and order- asbos
Loved eu- echr, ecj, hra
Iraq war and afghanistan
Enabler rather than provider- tuition fees

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25
Tradition lib dems
Established 1985- mergd from labs and sdp Origional liberal party 19th century- deominant - associate with free trade, lower taxes, balanced budgets and palriamentary reform Beginning 20th centry- move towards modern liberalism- old age pensions
26
Orange book liberals
Liberal wing of lib dems
27
Social democratic wing of lib dems
Eg tim farron Social justice, neo lib apporach econ Many ld coalition reluctant
28
Lib dems modern day
Emphasise social justice, raise taxes to increase public spending- 2019- increase income tax by 1p to increase spending nhs Support welfare system- 2017 manifesto- free school emals all primary school children Multinaional approach to guide poliy, pro eu- manifesto pledge to stop brexit 2019 Respect and support echr and protection hr 20019 commitment to take in more unaccompanied refugee children Liebrtarian apporach- 2019 manifesto commitment to legalise cannabis Support palriamentary and constitutional reform- pr westminster and further devolution
29
Snp history
Establish 1934 V succesfful due to fptpp, conc support 2015 566/569 seats westmintser, 50% vote 2019 3rd biggest party with 48 seats, 45% vote Influence with snp-] opp vote to brexit and austerity- 2014 independnece ref- 55% no
30
Snp policies
Indyref2- 2019 comm ask uk gov ref on indepndence in 2020 Further devolution End austerity Scrap trident Tackle climate emergency- 2019 manifesto to reform of the tax system to encourage ‘greener choices Support ey membership
31
Green party history
Launched 1985 Limited success due to fptp- 2010 carolien lucas brighton pavillion, 2019 3% vote , 1 seat More seats in euu and devoled bodies under use of pr Kept environmental isssues on agenda
32
Green party policies
Protection of the environment- 2019 invest 100bn/yr reach net zero carbon emissons by 2030 Green economy Support for eu memberhship Major investment public services- 2019 increase nhs spending by 6bj Voets for 16 and 17 year olds Abolish uni tuition
33
Etv minor parties can have influence on uk politics
Take votes otherwise going to one of major parteis Influence when small balances emerge Put policies onto the agenda Succes in wider reigions of uk since devolution
34
Minor parties influence- take votes0- yes
Ukip took away from both con and lab party in 2015- despite not wining seats Snp decimated lab support in scotland`
35
Minor parties- take votes- no
Minor party support bae limited to one region- snp, plaid cymry Electoral impact short lived0 ukip vote fell after 2017 after brexit
36
Minor parties have influence- small balances- yes
Marginal seasts Occassionally win seat outright Baance of party held by smalll party- 2010-ld needed in coalition, 2017 dup s&c Brexit party did not compete in marginl seast in 2019 election- encourage leave supporters to vote con
37
Minor parties influence- small balances- noR
Rare Fptp causes major problems for small partiees- greens one eseat 2015 ukip 12% vote and one seat
38
Minor parties influence- put policies on agenda- yes
Ukip sucecss push 2015 manifesto pledg for ref on eu Brexit party probs contributed to con adopting a ‘harsh brexit’ stance after the ref Snp further devolution indepnance on the agenda
39
Small parties influence- put issues on agenda- no
If adopted by main party- own appeal diminished 2019 lab ambitious target for reaching net zero carbon emissions- limit support for greens
40
Minor parties influence- devolved bodues- yes
Snp sucess in scotissh parliaemnt elections Pid cumru in welsh assembly Greens scottish parliament and welsh assembly
41
Minor parteis influence0 devolutno- no
Sucess pr Fptp remain in uk so sucess not replicated more broadly
42
Two party system
Most liekly result 1 of 2 party winning majoirty- other becomes offical opp Power attmpt between 2 parteis- power doesnt necessarily chaneg hands ev election Minor parties exist but low rep in legislature
43
Multi party system
Most likely outcome coalition Gov power change after an ellection Coalitions created frequently Distinguish between major and minor party harder to indentify
44
One party dominant system
One party wins sucessfuve elections and remains in power for prolonged period of time Blair lab- 97-2010 Con 1979-97
45
Two and a half party system
Two main party domnaet and third party engage benefit of sucess and influence Ld until recently snp ‘third party’ status
46
Factors leading to fragmentation of 2 party system- long term
Partisan dealignment Collapse class based voting
47
Factors leading to fragmentation of 2 party systems short term
Issues transcend left right- brexit, scottish independance, environment Create own ‘politicl tribes’ Lack of faith in political leadership of two main parties- increase media criticism of mainstram politics and establishment political party
48
Etv uk now has a multi party system
Traditional uk- 2 party syestem Recent developments cast doubt- on surface multi party, partisan dealignemnt, rise isseus- brexit Some regions muti party, westminster 2 More than 2 parties win seats, no parties exist Westminster sucess and influence Regional variation- devolution
49
Uk now multi party system- mroe than 2 parties in hoc- yes
Ld sucess- 1992-20010(18-23% vote), 2015 56/59 seats snp According to electoral commision- approx 500 registered parties in uk- choice Partisan dealisgnment- threaten traditional left right 10 diff party won seats 2019 ge0
50
Uk now multi party system- more than 2 parties win seats no
Ld support fallen recent elections- 11 seats 2019 Big still domnate westmiste- 87% seats, 75% votes 2019 Fptp discriminate against parties with limited support across country Lack state funding diff smaller parties to break lab and con duopoly- con jcb, cbi, lab tu
51
Westminstr sucecss and influecne - yes- Uk now multi party system
2010 con/ld coalition 2017- con and supply dup Infleucne on issues Ukip- brexit Snp- devolution and indyref Greens environment
52
westminster sucess and influence- no- Uk now multi party system
Only 2 parties realistic chance of forming gov 2019 boris majority 80
53
Regional variations- post devolution - yes - Uk now multi party system
Pr- 0easier small parties- greens 6 seats snp Power strength - coalitions Labour with ld and pc- welsh assembley
54
Devolution- no - Uk now multi party system
Uk as a whole- 2 party system more accurate
55
Party sucess- what based off
Quality perception of leadership Valance/oevrall party stance Influence of media
56
Party sucess- quality of leader- pro
Blair- youth, pragmatic, more open- things can only get better Sturgeon strong leader- clear message Boris0- charasmatic, get brexit done
57
Party sucess- no- quality of leader
Corbyn too radical left- econ problematic, free broadband for all, abolish tuition fees Boris later- liar, partygaet, scandal- comedic image cuased uncertainty during covid crisis
58
Valance oevrall party image- party sucess - yes
New labb appeal middle class-
59
Valance/overall party image- party suceess- no
Truss and johnson- lack of trust esp with economy Labour- iraq war- blair at end
60
Influence of media- pro- party sucess
Blair positively seen Sun change to support- less impactful now. With print media fall Mail, ties ect- backed johnson Tv debates effective- clegg
61
influence of media- party sucess- no
John major and pea soup- spitting image May - conference- dancing, cringe, running through a field of wehat- pt pf touch Hancock scandal
62
Neo lib meaning
Free market Lib new right Self reliance00 reject collectivism Economic
63
Neo con- meaning
Social emphasis Remove state role in econ Anti permissiveness Consernif person adopste imoral lifestule- esp religion Against multiculturalism
64
Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties
Loa- yes Tv Newspapers Social media
65
Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties 0- tv- yes
More air time/attention given to main parties helps to make them more sucessful compared to minor parties Televised candiate debates since 2010 May not attend- failure- 017 Clegg- colaition- 2010
66
Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties - tv0 no
Most mainstream channels are neutral- esp bbc Viewing figures for traditional news current affairs programmes fallen recent yeas- esp young voters
67
Newspapers- yes- Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties
Most tend to support either con or lab- contribute to long term success and add to diff experience by minor parties With higheer circulation- sun, mail, times and telegraph- all back con in 2019 Sun- new lab 1997- key movement 1992- sun heaviliy critic kinnock ‘will the laast person to leave the country please turn teh lights out’ contributed to losss of lab- v close contest
68
Newspapers- no- Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties
Fewer people read a newspaper dailur Tend to read a nespaper whose view they agee with- no diff effect on voting Circulation v low esp young voters
69
Social media- yes- Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties
Increasingly imporatnt way to connext with voters- during campaigns and between elections -esp young voters Target specific groups of swing voters not possble with traditional forms Sucessful 8mill campaign by lab 2017 ge contribueted to con weakness 10019 ge con enhanced comapaign
70
Social media- no - Etv media image is a key factor in determining the sucess of uk political parties
Older voters may not have access or use social media- largest voting
71
Labour party 2024- economy
Get britain buidling agin- one for 5 nat missions 2024 Same as switch on great british energy Reeves- shadow chancellor- committed lab party fiscal discipline all spendnig fully costed- securonomics- big contrast to corbyn, more con 28bn climate investment pledge watered down Renat most railservices within 5y But limited flexible lab markets- zero hours, reeves abolish zero hours contracts that exploit people
72
Labour 2024 welfare
Get the nhs back on its feet- nhs reform rather than on lots extra spending, new it system-v similar con Break down barriers to opp 2024 Agree with con plan for help with childcare- con paying some nurseries cost Corbyn promise tuition fees gone
73
Labour- law and order 2024
Take back our streets Prioritise violence agianst women Tougher punishment Increase police Similar new lab econ
74
Labour foriegn policy 2024
Starmer backed sunak on condemn hamas andd defend israel soevriegnty- old lab disagree- but lab ammendment for temporayr humanitarian ceasefire Backs sunak line on ukraine Pro nato which corby not Renew trident Bit diff europe bresit- starmer largely accepted position on brexit
75
Con 2024- econ
1/2 inflation Grow econ Decrease debt Cut nat insurance- mar budget 2024- 2p cut in pound Aspiration to reduce tax burden uet overall tax burdgen high Remove non dom status - lab policy Many con want morre tax removal
76
Con 2024- welfare
Cut nhs waitinng lists same point starmer Stop small boats Min wage increase to 11.44 over 23 2bn for schools Free childcare after apr Nanny state phased ban on smokig and plans ban disposable vvapes
77
Con law and order 2024
Tougher sentences rapists and killers- king speech sep 2023 Locking on bill and greater restrictions to protesting Extremism definition new
78
Foreign policy con 2024
Overseas aid spending cut to 0.5% aim previously at 0.7% but starmer would increase when can afford it

4-Politics-Paper 1- Uk Politics And Ideas (9 decks)

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