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Physical Assessment > 4. Cervical Spine > Flashcards

4. Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral body

A

Weight-bearing portion of vertebra

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2
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Composed of pedicles and lamina; surrounds SC

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3
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Space within vertebral arch

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4
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

Opening between vertebrae on each side of column, allowing passage of spinal nerves

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5
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Make up 20-30% of spinal column length; Increase in size from cervical to lumbar; > disc height = > mobility

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6
Q

Cervical disc thickness

A

3mm

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7
Q

Lumbar disc thickness

A

9 mm

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8
Q

Cervical Vertebrae - Defining Characteristics

A

Small body; Spinous processes are short & extend horizontally

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9
Q

C1

A

Atlas; no body or spinous process; articulates with occipital condyles superiorly; Facet on internal surface of anterior arch for articulation with dens

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10
Q

C2

A

Axis; Anterior facet for articulation on dens

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11
Q

Anterior atlantoaxial lig.

A

Runs along anterior of body; limits extension of C1-C2

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12
Q

Anterior longitudinal lig.

A

runs along anterior of body; limits extension

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13
Q

Posterior longitudinal lig.

A

Runs along posterior of body; limits flexion

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14
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects lamina to lamina; limits flexion

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15
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Connects tips of spinous processes; limits flexion

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16
Q

Alar

A

CONNECTS ODONTOID TO OCCIPUT; LIMITS ROTATION

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17
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

(Occiput-C1); Nodding; NO DISC; flex, lat flex; NO ROTATION

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18
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

MOST MOBILE JOINT OF SPINE; no disc; flex, lat flex, rotation

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19
Q

C4-C6

A

Greatest amount of flexion

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20
Q

C2-C4

A

Greatest amount of lateral flexion

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21
Q

Cervical discs

A

More fibrous; less likely to herniate

22
Q

Rectus capitus action

A

cervical flexion

23
Q

Scalenes

A

cervical flexion

24
Q

Trapezius action

A

elevation, lat flexion, extension

25
Q

Levator scapulae

A

elevation, lat flexion, rotation, flex

26
Q

Splenius

A

Lateral flexion

27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Opposite lateral rotation

28
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Gives rise to phrenic n.

29
Q

Important Cervical Spine HX Questions

A

Neck stiffness; headache; vision changes

30
Q

Important TMJ Hx Questions

A

Jaw pain/click/lock; malocclusion; bruxism

31
Q

Torticollis

A

Permanent spasm; slight lat rot and looking up

32
Q

Mandibular RoM

A

Should be able to place 3 fingers in mouth

33
Q

Occiput/jaw angle dermatome

A

C2/3

34
Q

Supraclavicular/lateral shoulder dermatome

A

C4

35
Q

Lateral upper arm dermatome

A

C5

36
Q

Thumb, lat forearm dermatome

A

C6

37
Q

3rd digit dermatome

A

C7

38
Q

5th digit; ulnar forearm dermatome

A

C8

39
Q

Medial arm & elbow dermatome

A

T1

40
Q

Adson Maneuver

A

Assesses Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; palpate radial pulse while patient abduct, extends, and ER shoulder; pt holds breath; (+) = pulse disappears

41
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Involves subclavian a. compression;

42
Q

Compression Test

A

Push down on head to apply pressure to cervical spine; (+) = radiating arm pain from nerve root lesion or disc herniation; OR (+) = local cervical pain from facet joint, transverse process, spinous process

43
Q

Valsalva Test

A

Increases venous pressure and CSF pressure; (+) = pain; herniated disc will most likely radiate

44
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

Tests for meningitis; Passive neck flexion; (+) = Involuntary hip/knee flexion when neck is raised

45
Q

Kernig’s Sign

A

Test for meningitis; Passive flexion of hip/knee, then extension; (+) = Hip/knee resistance with passive flexion; causing neck pain

46
Q

Chvostek Test

A

Test of facial nerve; Tap parotid gland over masseter; (+) = tetany; twitch if Ca++ levels low

47
Q

Jaw Reflex Test

A

Test of trigeminal nerve; Pt mouth slightly open, provider’s finger on chin, tap with hammer; (+) = Mouth clenches tightly or opens dramatically

48
Q

Cervical Disc Herniation

A

Pain in dermatomal distribution of the arm; numbness & tingling; decrease/alteration in sensation

49
Q

Cervical Stenosis

A

Narrowing of intervertebral foramen placing pressure on SPINAL NERVE ONLY

50
Q

Hyperextension injury

A

Whiplash; Injury to sternocleidomastoid strain; Anterior longitudinal ligament strain; possible fx of spinous process; possible disc herniation; due to anterior neck muscles are physiologically weaker than posterior

51
Q

Cervical Strain

A

Muscle/tendon stretch or tear; Caused by forceful movement; Strain occurs IN MUSCLE THAT DOES OPPOSITE ACTION

52
Q

Cervical Sprain

A

Ligament or capsule stretch or tear

Physical Assessment (13 decks)

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