2. Knee Anatomy Flashcards
Tibiofemoral joint
Largest joint in body; modified hinge
Patellofemoral
Joint between patella and femur
Parts of femur involved in knee joint
Med & lat epicondyles; Adductor tubercle
Parts of tibia involved in knee joint
Plateau; med & lat condyles; tibial tuberosity
Parts of fibula involved in kneed joint
Head; non-weight bearing, but does have role in ligament attachment
Patella
Largest sesamoid bone of body; lies within patellar tendon; gives mechanical advantage to knee and protection
Patella alta
Patella that rides abnormally high
Patella baja
Patella that rides abnormally low
MCL
Med epicondyle of femur to med condyle of tibia; BLENDS WITH CAPSULE AND MEDIAL MENSISCUS
LCL
Lat epicondyle of femur to head of fibula; Lies under biceps femoris tendon; does NOT blend with capsule or meniscus
ACL
Connects ANTERIOR TIBIA to POSTERIOR FEMUR; prevents tibia from sliding forward
PCL
Connects POSTERIOR TIBIA to ANTERIOR FEMUR; prevents tibia from sliding back under femur; prevents hyperextension
Coronal Ligament
Goes AROUND tibial condyles; keeps mensiscus in place
Transverse Ligament
Attaches 2 mensisci anteriorly
Capsule
Largest in body is in the knee; secretes synovial fluid
Menisci
Cartilage; shock absorber; decrease friction; NO NERVE INNERVATION; MOSTLY AVASCULAR (INNER)
Medial mensiscus
C-shaped; Attaches to MCL & capsule; larger than latera; moves posteriorly during flexion
Lateral mensiscus
Sits on tibial condyle; O-shaped; NOT attached to LCL; moves posteriorly during flexion
Patellar Tendon
Insertion of quadraceps muscles; patella within tendon; inserts at tibial tuberosity
Muscles for Extending the Knee
Quadriceps (Rectus femoris; Vastus lateralis; Vastus medialis for last 20 degrees; Vastus intermedius) - ALL INSERT INTO PATELLAR TENDON; Tensor fascia latae
Muscles for Flexing the Knee
Hamstrings (Biceps femoris - lateral; Semitendinosis - medial; Semimembranous - medial); Sartorius; Tensor fascia latae
Sartorius
Tailored muscle, anterior; SPANS HIP AND KNEE; Hip flex, abd, ER & Knee extension; Longest muscle in body
Gracilis
Adductor of hip; medial
Tensor fascia Latae
Inserts into Iliotibial fascia; Hip abduction; KNEE FLEXION AND EXTENSION; lateral side
Pes Anserine
Point of insertion on Medial tibial condyle for Gracilis, Semitendinosis, and Sartorius
Popliteus
Muscle directly behind knee; lateral to femur to medial tibia (wider); UNLOCKS THE KNEE
Iliotibial Band/ IT Band
Provides lateral support; Wide fascia on lateral thigh becomes narrow band by knee; INSERTS AT GERDY’S TUBERCLE; Originates from Tensor Fascia Latae
7 Bursa of the Knee
Supra/Pre/Infrapatellar; IT Band; Pes Anserine; Popliteal; Lateral (under LCL)
Suprapatellar bursa
Above patella; between Quad tendon and femur
Prepatellar bursa
On patella (anterior); between patella and tendon
Infrapatellar bursa (2)
Below patella (inferior); between tendon and tibia
Lateral bursa
Between LCL & biceps femoris tendon
IT Band bursa
Between IT band and tibia; Lateral
Pes Anserine bursa
Between MCL & Pes tendons; medial
Popliteal bursa
Baker’s Cyst; between head of gastroc and semimembranosus; Posterior
Peripheral nerve supply
Lateral cutaneous; Saphenous; Lateral peroneal; Superficial peroneal
Lateral peroneal n.
L5, S1, 2
Superficial peroneal n.
L4, 5, S1
Saphenous n.
L3,4
Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh
L2, 3
Main thigh artery
Femoral a.
Arteries around femoral epicondyles
Superior medial and lateral genicular arteries
Arteries around head of tibia
Inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries
Artery in popliteal fossa
Popliteal a.
Posterior arteries of leg (calf)
Posterior tibial, Fibular, & Perforating aa.
Anterior arteries of leg (calf)
Anterior tibial a; Perforating branches of fibular aa.
Blood supply of plantar foot
Medial and lateral plantar aa.
Blood supply of dorsal foot
Dorsalis pedis a.
Blood supply of ankle
medial and lateral malleolar aa.
Genu Valgum
Knock-kneed
Genu Varus
Bow-legged
Genu Recurvatum
Hyperextension
