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Physical Assessment > 1. Musculoskeletal - Introduction > Flashcards

1. Musculoskeletal - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Ligament

A

Connects bone to bone; weakest at ends

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2
Q

Tendon

A

Connects muscle to bone

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3
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid filled sac in between tendon and bone that reduces friction

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4
Q

Fascia

A

Fribrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

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5
Q

Synovial capsule

A

sac-like structure enclosing bone ends, present at almost every joint

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6
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane that covers bone except at bone ends

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7
Q

Intra-articular cartilage

A

dense connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones inside the joint capsule (i.e. meniscus in knee)

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8
Q

Edema

A

edema within connective tissue or OUTSIDE the joint capsule

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9
Q

Effusion

A

edema INSIDE the joint capsule

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10
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood in the joint

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11
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise

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12
Q

Crepitus

A

crackling from inflammation or fractured bone ends

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13
Q

Symptom

A

subjective complaint by patient

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14
Q

Sign

A

Objective observation by provider

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15
Q

Acute

A

Sudden onset of symptoms within a short duration (sprain, fracture)

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16
Q

Chronic

A

Gradual onset of symptoms with longer duration, usually >2-3 weeks

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17
Q

sPrain

A

Stretch/tear of a LIGAMENT or CAPSULE; 3 degrees-stretching; incomplete tearing & rupturing

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18
Q

sTrain

A

Stretch or tear of TENDON or MUSCLE

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19
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of tendon

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20
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of tendon and synovium

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21
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

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22
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

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23
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of fascia

24
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of a bone

25
Q

Fracture

A

Breaking of a bone

26
Q

Dislocation

A

Movement of a bone from its natural position that has to be reduced; 80% CHANCE OF RECURRENCE; Most common joints = fingers, shoulder, patella

27
Q

Subluxation

A

Same as dislocation but it returns to original position on its own; partial dislocation

28
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of the bone

29
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Weakening of the bone

30
Q

Kyphosis

A

Rounding of the thoracic curve; hump back

31
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar curve; sway back

32
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

33
Q

SponDYLOsis

A

DEGENERATION of vertebra

34
Q

SponDYLOLYsis

A

Defect in vertebra (“Scottie dog fracture”)

35
Q

SpondylOLITHEsis

A

Anterior slippage or subluxation of vertebra (“Scottie dog decapitated”

36
Q

Coronal plane

A

front to back

37
Q

Frontal plane

A

front to back

38
Q

Transverse plane

A

Top to bottom

39
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Top to bottom

40
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Right to left

41
Q

Concentric resistance

A

Resistance during shortening of muscle

42
Q

Eccentric resistance

A

Resistance with lengthening of muscle

43
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle contraction without joint movement

44
Q

Grade 0 (zero)

A

No muscular contraction

45
Q

Grade 1 (trace)

A

Slight contractility, no motion

46
Q

Grade 2- (poor -)

A

Initiates movement if gravity eliminated

47
Q

Grade 2 (poor)

A

Complete RoM w/o gravity

48
Q

Grade 2+ (poor +)

A

Initiates RoM against gravity

49
Q

Grade 3- (fair -)

A

Some RoM against gravity

50
Q

Grade 3 (fair)

A

Complete RoM against gravity

51
Q

Grade 3+ (fair +)

A

Complete RoM against gravity w/ min resistance

52
Q

Grade 4 (good)

A

Complete RoM against gravity w/ moderate resistance

53
Q

Grade 5 (normal)

A

Complete RoM against gravity w/ max resistance

54
Q

Palpation

A

Intelligent laying of hands to feel bony and soft tissue landmarks to elicit a subjective response from patient

55
Q

When to use orthopedic tests

A

Used to substantiate diagnosis, not to diagnose; should back u pwhat you think is occuring from history

56
Q

When to use neuro tests

A

To assess peripheral nerve damage, spinal nerve root damage, spinal cord damage

57
Q

Neuro tests used in Ortho

A

DTRs, sensation testing, sharp/dull discrimination; vibratory

Physical Assessment (13 decks)

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