1. Musculoskeletal - Introduction

Question 1

Ligament

Answer 1

Connects bone to bone; weakest at ends

Question 2

Tendon

Answer 2

Connects muscle to bone

Question 3

Bursa

Answer 3

Fluid filled sac in between tendon and bone that reduces friction

Question 4

Fascia

Answer 4

Fribrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

Question 5

Synovial capsule

Answer 5

sac-like structure enclosing bone ends, present at almost every joint

Question 6

Periosteum

Answer 6

Fibrous membrane that covers bone except at bone ends

Question 7

Intra-articular cartilage

Answer 7

dense connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones inside the joint capsule (i.e. meniscus in knee)

Question 8

Edema

Answer 8

edema within connective tissue or OUTSIDE the joint capsule

Question 9

Effusion

Answer 9

edema INSIDE the joint capsule

Question 10

Hemarthrosis

Answer 10

Blood in the joint

Question 11

Ecchymosis

Answer 11

Bruise

Question 12

Crepitus

Answer 12

crackling from inflammation or fractured bone ends

Question 13

Symptom

Answer 13

subjective complaint by patient

Question 14

Sign

Answer 14

Objective observation by provider

Question 15

Acute

Answer 15

Sudden onset of symptoms within a short duration (sprain, fracture)

Question 16

Chronic

Answer 16

Gradual onset of symptoms with longer duration, usually >2-3 weeks

Question 17

sPrain

Answer 17

Stretch/tear of a LIGAMENT or CAPSULE; 3 degrees-stretching; incomplete tearing & rupturing

Question 18

sTrain

Answer 18

Stretch or tear of TENDON or MUSCLE

Question 19

Tendinitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of tendon

Question 20

Tenosynovitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of tendon and synovium

Question 21

Arthritis

Answer 21

Inflammation of a joint

Question 22

Bursitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of a bursa

Question 23

Fasciitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of fascia

Question 24

Osteomyelitis

Answer 24

Infection of a bone

Question 25

Fracture

Answer 25

Breaking of a bone

Question 26

Dislocation

Answer 26

Movement of a bone from its natural position that has to be reduced; 80% CHANCE OF RECURRENCE; Most common joints = fingers, shoulder, patella

Question 27

Subluxation

Answer 27

Same as dislocation but it returns to original position on its own; partial dislocation

Question 28

Osteomalacia

Answer 28

Softening of the bone

Question 29

Osteoporosis

Answer 29

Weakening of the bone

Question 30

Kyphosis

Answer 30

Rounding of the thoracic curve; hump back

Question 31

Lordosis

Answer 31

Exaggerated lumbar curve; sway back

Question 32

Scoliosis

Answer 32

Lateral curvature of the spine

Question 33

SponDYLOsis

Answer 33

DEGENERATION of vertebra

Question 34

SponDYLOLYsis

Answer 34

Defect in vertebra ("Scottie dog fracture")

Question 35

SpondylOLITHEsis

Answer 35

Anterior slippage or subluxation of vertebra ("Scottie dog decapitated"

Question 36

Coronal plane

Answer 36

front to back

Question 37

Frontal plane

Answer 37

front to back

Question 38

Transverse plane

Answer 38

Top to bottom

Question 39

Horizontal plane

Answer 39

Top to bottom

Question 40

Sagittal plane

Answer 40

Right to left

Question 41

Concentric resistance

Answer 41

Resistance during shortening of muscle

Question 42

Eccentric resistance

Answer 42

Resistance with lengthening of muscle

Question 43

Isometric

Answer 43

Muscle contraction without joint movement

Question 44

Grade 0 (zero)

Answer 44

No muscular contraction

Question 45

Grade 1 (trace)

Answer 45

Slight contractility, no motion

Question 46

Grade 2- (poor -)

Answer 46

Initiates movement if gravity eliminated

Question 47

Grade 2 (poor)

Answer 47

Complete RoM w/o gravity

Question 48

Grade 2+ (poor +)

Answer 48

Initiates RoM against gravity

Question 49

Grade 3- (fair -)

Answer 49

Some RoM against gravity

Question 50

Grade 3 (fair)

Answer 50

Complete RoM against gravity

Question 51

Grade 3+ (fair +)

Answer 51

Complete RoM against gravity w/ min resistance

Question 52

Grade 4 (good)

Answer 52

Complete RoM against gravity w/ moderate resistance

Question 53

Grade 5 (normal)

Answer 53

Complete RoM against gravity w/ max resistance

Question 54

Palpation

Answer 54

Intelligent laying of hands to feel bony and soft tissue landmarks to elicit a subjective response from patient

Question 55

When to use orthopedic tests

Answer 55

Used to substantiate diagnosis, not to diagnose; should back u pwhat you think is occuring from history

Question 56

When to use neuro tests

Answer 56

To assess peripheral nerve damage, spinal nerve root damage, spinal cord damage

Question 57

Neuro tests used in Ortho

Answer 57

DTRs, sensation testing, sharp/dull discrimination; vibratory