2. Ankle Tests & Disorders

Question 1

Anterior Drawer Test

Answer 1

Assesses laxity of ligaments; cup calcaneus w/ one hand, stabilize anterior lower leg with other; attempt to passively slide calcaneus/talus anteriorly on tibia

Question 2

Talotibial Tilt Test

Answer 2

Assesses stability of ankle; Passively attempt to slide talus side to side on tibia

Question 3

Thompson Test

Answer 3

Assesses Achilles tendon; squeeze calf in prone position; no movement indicates Achilles tendon rupture

Question 4

Tinel Sign

Answer 4

Assesses Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome; Tap on medial region by posterior tibial pulse; (+) sign is tingling/pain

Question 5

1st Degree Ankle Sprain

Answer 5

Anterior talofib only

Question 6

2nd Degree Ankle Sprain

Answer 6

Anterior talofib & calcaneofib

Question 7

3rd Degree Ankle Sprain

Answer 7

Anterior talofib, calcaneofib, and posterior talofib

Question 8

Achilles Tendonitis - Mechanism

Answer 8

Inflammation of tendon due to overuse

Question 9

Achilles Tendonitis - S/Sx

Answer 9

S/Sx - Pain along tendon; edema; thickening; pain with resistive plantarflexion

Question 10

Achilles Bursitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of retrocalcaneal bursa

Question 11

Achilles Bursitis - S/Sx

Answer 11

Local edema; thickening behind tendon; may or may not have pain; difficult to treat; Retro-Achilles Bursitis is more superficial

Question 12

Peroneal Tendon Subluxation

Answer 12

Forced eversion subluxes tendon; may stick in everted position (Anterior to malleolus)

Question 13

Peroneal tendonitis

Answer 13

Due to overuse; S/Sx = Pain with eversion; edema; crepitus

Question 14

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 14

Entrapment of posterior tibial nerve within tarsal tunnel; pain/tingling with Tinel sign is (+) finding

Question 15

Gout of Great Toe

Answer 15

Severe pain, edema, erythema, warmth, point tender; Great Toe is most common area

Question 16

Morton’s Neuroma

Answer 16

Nerve between 2nd & 3rd digits or 3rd & 4th digits (more common) becomes pinched or entrapped

Question 17

Morton’s Neuroma - S/Sx

Answer 17

Sharp, burning pain in web space; Tight shoes increase pain; Pressure between MT heads to spread toes decreases pain

Question 18

Metatarsalgia

Answer 18

Fallen MT arch; places pressure on MT heads; pain relieved by applying MT arch pad proximal to arch

Question 19

Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of fascia

Question 20

Plantar Fasciitis - Mechanism

Answer 20

Mechanism = Overuse; repetitive stress to foot

Question 21

Plantar Fasciitis - S/Sx

Answer 21

S/Sx - Pain on plantar surface of heel; pain may radiate to MT heads; Pain with activity; AM pain & severe stiffness; Individuals with Pes Cavus at increased risk

Question 22

Bunions

Answer 22

Thickening of bursa at 1st MTP joint

Question 23

Hallucis Valgus

Answer 23

Thickening of bursa at 1st MTP joint; enlargement of joint; lateral displacement of joint

Question 24

Hammar Toes

Answer 24

Extension deformity of MTP; Flexion of PIP; Tendons (flexors?) contract and tighten

Question 25

Claw Toes

Answer 25

Extension of MTP; Flexion of PIP & DIP

Question 26

Jone’s Fracture

Answer 26

Fracture at base of 5th MT; Mechanism = overuse; jumping from a height

Question 27

Stress Fracture

Answer 27

Hairline fracture; affects periosteum; Takes 3 weeks to appear on xray

Question 28

Congential 5th Toe

Answer 28

Overlapping 5th toe over 4th

Question 29

Club foot

Answer 29

Severe pronation; 50% bilateral; males > females

Question 30

Ingrown Toenail

Answer 30

Nail grows into soft tissue; infection of paronychia can occur

Question 31

Callous

Answer 31

On pads of feet

Question 32

Corns

Answer 32

Between toes

Question 33

Great toe sprain - Mechanism

Answer 33

Turf toe; Mechanism - Excessive force at MTP joint; hyperflexion or hyperextension

Question 34

Great toe sprain - S/Sx

Answer 34

S/Sx - Pain at joint; Positive Varus& Valgus stress test