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Physical Assessment > 3. Back & hip anatomy > Flashcards

3. Back & hip anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

(7); flex, ext, rot, lat flex

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2
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

(12); flex, ext; Transverse processes have rib facets

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3
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

(5); flex, ext, rot, lat flex

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4
Q

Sacrum

A

S1-S5 fused

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5
Q

Coccyx

A

C1-C5 fused; no cord; tailbone

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6
Q

Vertebral body

A

Weight-bearing part of vertebra

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7
Q

Vertebral arch

A

2 pedicles & lamina; surrounds spinal cord

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8
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Space within vertebral arch

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9
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

opening between vertebrae on each side of column where spinal nerves exit

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10
Q

Vertebral processes

A

Transverse (2); spinous (1)

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11
Q

Superior facets

A

Non-weight bearing

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12
Q

Inferior facets

A

Non-weight bearing

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13
Q

Anterior longitudinal lig

A

Runs along ANTERIOR of body; limits extension

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14
Q

Posterior longitudinal lig.

A

Runs along POSTERIOR of body; limits flexion; next to spinal cord

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15
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects lamina to lamina; limits flexion

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16
Q

Supraspinous lig.

A

Connects TIPS OF SPINOUS PROCESSES; limits flexion; PALPABLE

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17
Q

Interspinous lig.

A

Connects spinous processes; limits flexion

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18
Q

Intertransverse lig.

A

Connects transverse processes; LIMITS LAT FLEX ON OPPOSITE SIDE

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19
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Annular fibrous (outer ring); Nucleus pulposus (inner ring); Avascular; no nerve supply; Lumbar thicker, allowing greater mobility

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20
Q

Superficial posterior muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi (ext); Trapezius (ext); Rhomboids (major & minor)

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21
Q

Deep posterior muscles

A

Paraspinals; Erector spinae

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22
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

(Lateral = iliocostalis; Middle = Longissimus; Medial = Spinalis); Maintains erect posture; rotates trunk

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23
Q

Anterior muscles

A

Rectus abdominus; Transverse abdominis; External oblique; Internal oblique

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24
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Maintains posture; trunk flexion; lat flexion

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25
Transverse abdominis
Maintains posture
26
External oblique
Maintains posture; Lat flexion; rotation
27
Internal oblique
Maintains posture; Lat flexion; rotation
28
Internal intercostal Muscles
Expiration; run laterally; deep
29
External intercostal muscles
Inspiration; run medially; superficial
30
General nerve pathway out of Spinal Cord
Spinal roots > Spinal nerves > Rami
31
Are spinal nerves sensory, motor, or mixed?
Mixed
32
Posterior rami
Supplies deep muscles & skin of posterior trunk; T2-T12
33
Anterior rami
Supplies lower & upper limbs. Lateral and anterior trunk > intercostal nerves
34
Meningeal branch
Branches off spinal nerve, reenters thru intervertebral foramen, and innervates vertebra, lig, vessels, & meninges
35
Plexus
Network of nerves formed by anterior rami
36
Lumbar Plexus
L1-L4; Gives rise to femoral nerve & obturator nerve
37
Femoral nerve
Innervates thigh flexors and knee extenders
38
Obturator nerve
Innervates leg adductors
39
Sacral plexus
L4-S4; Gives rise to Gluteal, Pudendal, Thigh, and Sciatic nerves
40
Sciatic nerve
Posterior nerve of leg; Gives rise to Common Peroneal (fibular) n., Superficial peroneal/fibular n.; Deep peroneal/fibular n., and Tibial n.
41
Lumbosacral plexus
Lumbar and sacral plexi combined
42
Conus Medullaris
Ends between L1 & L2
43
Filum Terminale
Extension of pia mater that attaches to coccyx
44
Cauda equina
Lumbar/sacral nerve roots as they travel in vertebral canal below spinal cord
45
Pelvis
2 Innominate bones fused
46
Important landmarks of pubis
Inferior ramus; Superior ramus; Crest of pubis; Pubic symphysis
47
Important landmarks of ilium
ASIS; PSIS; AIIS; PIIS; Greater sciatic notch
48
Important landmarks of ischium
Ischial tuberosity; Lesser sciatic notch
49
Acetabulum
Hip socket; fusion of pubis, ilium, ischium; Opens lat, inf, ant.
50
Acetabulum Labrum
Lines & deepens socket
51
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint
PSIS & spinous processes; dimple of buttocks; ant/post movements only; Trunk flex > post movement; Trunk ext > ant movement
52
Ischial-Femoral Joint
Ball in socket; Femoral head; Acetabular labrum; capsule; HIP JOINT
53
Pubic Symphysis
Fibrocartilaginous disc; 3 stabilizing ligaments (Superior/Inferior/ Posterior)
54
Trochanteric bursa
Between bone & skin
55
Iliopsoas Bursa
Between bone and psoas
56
Ischial tuberosity bursa
Between tuberosity and skin
57
False Pelvis
Between iliac wings
58
True pelvis
Between ischial & pubic bones
59
Hip Ligaments
Ischiofemoral; Pubofemoral; Iliofemoral; all twisted in anatomical position; straighten during hip flexion
60
Superficial Hip/Pelvic Muscles
Gluteus maximus; Hamstrings
61
Gluteus maximus
Extend hip when knee is flexed
62
Hamstrings
Hip extension w/ knee extended; 3 muscles
63
3 Hamstring Muscles
Biceps femoris (lateral); Semitendinosus (med); Semimembranosus (Med)
64
Deep Hip Muscles
External rotators; Piriformis; Obturator internus/externus; Sup & Inf Gemellus; Quadratus femoris; Gluteus medius
65
Anterior hip muscles
Psoas; Iliacus; Obturator externus; Rectus femoris; Sartorius; Pectineus
66
Psoas
Sitting flexion
67
Iliacus
Sitting flexion
68
Obturator externus
ER of hip
69
Rectus femoris
Supine flexion
70
Sartorius
Flex, abd, ER
71
Pectineus
Add, flex
72
Medial hip muscles
Adductors; Gracilis; Adductor magnus/brevis/longus
73
Lateral hip muscles
Abductors; Gluteus minimus & medius; Tensor fascia latae
74
Primary posterior hip nerve
Sciatic n.
75
Primary anterior hip nerve
Femoral n.
76
Branches of sciatic n.
Tibial n. & Common peroneal/fibular n.
77
Posterior hip dislocation nerve impingement
Sciatic n.
78
Anterior hip dislocation nerve impingement
Femoral n.
79
Blood supply of Hips
External Iliac Artery
80
Branches of External Iliac Artery
Femoral and deep femoral aa.
81
Assessing True Leg Length
Measure from ASIS to MEDIAL malleolus
82
Assessing Apparent Leg Length
Measure from Umbilicus to MEDIAL malleolus
83
Borders of inguinal triangle
Sartorius (lateral), Adductor longus (Medial); Inguinal ligament (superior)
84
Motor Tracts (Descending)
Corticospinal (lateral & ventral); Corticobulbar (facial)
85
Sensory Tracts (Ascending)
Spinal Thalamic (Lat & Ant); Dorsal Columns
86
Lateral Spinal Thalamic Tract
Pain & temp
87
Anterior Spinal Thalamic Tract
Crude touch & pressure
88
Dorsal Columns
Fine touch, light pressure, vibration, joint position

Physical Assessment (13 decks)

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