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Physical Assessment > 3. Back & hip anatomy > Flashcards

3. Back & hip anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

(7); flex, ext, rot, lat flex

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2
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

(12); flex, ext; Transverse processes have rib facets

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3
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

(5); flex, ext, rot, lat flex

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4
Q

Sacrum

A

S1-S5 fused

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5
Q

Coccyx

A

C1-C5 fused; no cord; tailbone

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6
Q

Vertebral body

A

Weight-bearing part of vertebra

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7
Q

Vertebral arch

A

2 pedicles & lamina; surrounds spinal cord

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8
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Space within vertebral arch

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9
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

opening between vertebrae on each side of column where spinal nerves exit

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10
Q

Vertebral processes

A

Transverse (2); spinous (1)

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11
Q

Superior facets

A

Non-weight bearing

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12
Q

Inferior facets

A

Non-weight bearing

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13
Q

Anterior longitudinal lig

A

Runs along ANTERIOR of body; limits extension

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14
Q

Posterior longitudinal lig.

A

Runs along POSTERIOR of body; limits flexion; next to spinal cord

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15
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects lamina to lamina; limits flexion

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16
Q

Supraspinous lig.

A

Connects TIPS OF SPINOUS PROCESSES; limits flexion; PALPABLE

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17
Q

Interspinous lig.

A

Connects spinous processes; limits flexion

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18
Q

Intertransverse lig.

A

Connects transverse processes; LIMITS LAT FLEX ON OPPOSITE SIDE

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19
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Annular fibrous (outer ring); Nucleus pulposus (inner ring); Avascular; no nerve supply; Lumbar thicker, allowing greater mobility

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20
Q

Superficial posterior muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi (ext); Trapezius (ext); Rhomboids (major & minor)

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21
Q

Deep posterior muscles

A

Paraspinals; Erector spinae

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22
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

(Lateral = iliocostalis; Middle = Longissimus; Medial = Spinalis); Maintains erect posture; rotates trunk

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23
Q

Anterior muscles

A

Rectus abdominus; Transverse abdominis; External oblique; Internal oblique

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24
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Maintains posture; trunk flexion; lat flexion

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25
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Maintains posture

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26
Q

External oblique

A

Maintains posture; Lat flexion; rotation

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27
Q

Internal oblique

A

Maintains posture; Lat flexion; rotation

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28
Q

Internal intercostal Muscles

A

Expiration; run laterally; deep

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29
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Inspiration; run medially; superficial

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30
Q

General nerve pathway out of Spinal Cord

A

Spinal roots > Spinal nerves > Rami

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31
Q

Are spinal nerves sensory, motor, or mixed?

A

Mixed

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32
Q

Posterior rami

A

Supplies deep muscles & skin of posterior trunk; T2-T12

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33
Q

Anterior rami

A

Supplies lower & upper limbs. Lateral and anterior trunk > intercostal nerves

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34
Q

Meningeal branch

A

Branches off spinal nerve, reenters thru intervertebral foramen, and innervates vertebra, lig, vessels, & meninges

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35
Q

Plexus

A

Network of nerves formed by anterior rami

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36
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

L1-L4; Gives rise to femoral nerve & obturator nerve

37
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Innervates thigh flexors and knee extenders

38
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Innervates leg adductors

39
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S4; Gives rise to Gluteal, Pudendal, Thigh, and Sciatic nerves

40
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Posterior nerve of leg; Gives rise to Common Peroneal (fibular) n., Superficial peroneal/fibular n.; Deep peroneal/fibular n., and Tibial n.

41
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

Lumbar and sacral plexi combined

42
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Ends between L1 & L2

43
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Extension of pia mater that attaches to coccyx

44
Q

Cauda equina

A

Lumbar/sacral nerve roots as they travel in vertebral canal below spinal cord

45
Q

Pelvis

A

2 Innominate bones fused

46
Q

Important landmarks of pubis

A

Inferior ramus; Superior ramus; Crest of pubis; Pubic symphysis

47
Q

Important landmarks of ilium

A

ASIS; PSIS; AIIS; PIIS; Greater sciatic notch

48
Q

Important landmarks of ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity; Lesser sciatic notch

49
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket; fusion of pubis, ilium, ischium; Opens lat, inf, ant.

50
Q

Acetabulum Labrum

A

Lines & deepens socket

51
Q

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint

A

PSIS & spinous processes; dimple of buttocks; ant/post movements only; Trunk flex > post movement; Trunk ext > ant movement

52
Q

Ischial-Femoral Joint

A

Ball in socket; Femoral head; Acetabular labrum; capsule; HIP JOINT

53
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Fibrocartilaginous disc; 3 stabilizing ligaments (Superior/Inferior/ Posterior)

54
Q

Trochanteric bursa

A

Between bone & skin

55
Q

Iliopsoas Bursa

A

Between bone and psoas

56
Q

Ischial tuberosity bursa

A

Between tuberosity and skin

57
Q

False Pelvis

A

Between iliac wings

58
Q

True pelvis

A

Between ischial & pubic bones

59
Q

Hip Ligaments

A

Ischiofemoral; Pubofemoral; Iliofemoral; all twisted in anatomical position; straighten during hip flexion

60
Q

Superficial Hip/Pelvic Muscles

A

Gluteus maximus; Hamstrings

61
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Extend hip when knee is flexed

62
Q

Hamstrings

A

Hip extension w/ knee extended; 3 muscles

63
Q

3 Hamstring Muscles

A

Biceps femoris (lateral); Semitendinosus (med); Semimembranosus (Med)

64
Q

Deep Hip Muscles

A

External rotators; Piriformis; Obturator internus/externus; Sup & Inf Gemellus; Quadratus femoris; Gluteus medius

65
Q

Anterior hip muscles

A

Psoas; Iliacus; Obturator externus; Rectus femoris; Sartorius; Pectineus

66
Q

Psoas

A

Sitting flexion

67
Q

Iliacus

A

Sitting flexion

68
Q

Obturator externus

69
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Supine flexion

70
Q

Sartorius

A

Flex, abd, ER

71
Q

Pectineus

72
Q

Medial hip muscles

A

Adductors; Gracilis; Adductor magnus/brevis/longus

73
Q

Lateral hip muscles

A

Abductors; Gluteus minimus & medius; Tensor fascia latae

74
Q

Primary posterior hip nerve

A

Sciatic n.

75
Q

Primary anterior hip nerve

A

Femoral n.

76
Q

Branches of sciatic n.

A

Tibial n. & Common peroneal/fibular n.

77
Q

Posterior hip dislocation nerve impingement

A

Sciatic n.

78
Q

Anterior hip dislocation nerve impingement

A

Femoral n.

79
Q

Blood supply of Hips

A

External Iliac Artery

80
Q

Branches of External Iliac Artery

A

Femoral and deep femoral aa.

81
Q

Assessing True Leg Length

A

Measure from ASIS to MEDIAL malleolus

82
Q

Assessing Apparent Leg Length

A

Measure from Umbilicus to MEDIAL malleolus

83
Q

Borders of inguinal triangle

A

Sartorius (lateral), Adductor longus (Medial); Inguinal ligament (superior)

84
Q

Motor Tracts (Descending)

A

Corticospinal (lateral & ventral); Corticobulbar (facial)

85
Q

Sensory Tracts (Ascending)

A

Spinal Thalamic (Lat & Ant); Dorsal Columns

86
Q

Lateral Spinal Thalamic Tract

A

Pain & temp

87
Q

Anterior Spinal Thalamic Tract

A

Crude touch & pressure

88
Q

Dorsal Columns

A

Fine touch, light pressure, vibration, joint position

Physical Assessment (13 decks)

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