4 b) Crude Oil

Question 1

Acid rain

Answer 1

Rain which has a pH of less than about 5.6 caused when water and oxygen in the atmosphere react with sulphur dioxide to produce sulphuric acid, or with various oxides of nitrogen, NOx, to give nitric acid.

Question 2

Complete combustion

Answer 2

When a hydrocarbon burns in sufficient oxygen and forms carbon dioxide and water.

Question 3

Cracking

Answer 3

Process in which long-chain alkanes are converted to alkenes and shorter-chain alkanes using silica/alumina as a catalyst at a temperature of 600-700℃.

Question 4

Crude oil

Answer 4

Mixture of hydrocarbons.

Question 5

Fractional distillation

Answer 5

A process to separate two liquids with similar boiling points.

Question 6

Incomplete combustion

Answer 6

When a hydrocarbon burns in insufficient oxygen. Water is formed as a product, but carbon monoxide or carbon are formed instead of carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Non-renewable resource

Answer 7

A finite resource that cannot be replaced (at least not for millions of years).

Question 8

Catalytic converter

Answer 8

A device used in cars to convert oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide into harmless nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide.

Question 9

Combustion

Answer 9

A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen (burns) to form products and heat.

Question 10

Crude oil

Answer 10

Formed from the remains of living organisms by high temperatures and pressures into a thick, black oil. (A mixture of hydrocarbons.)

Question 11

Fossil fuels

Answer 11

Include coal, gas and fuels derived from crude oil.

Question 12

Fractionating column

Answer 12

Piece of equipment used for separating vapours in fractional distillation.

Question 13

Viscous

Answer 13

A liquid that is resistant to flow.

Question 14

Volatile

Answer 14

A substance that evaporates easily.