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PSY 5330 > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

1
Q

level of measurement

A

the relationship among the numbers we have assigned to the information

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2
Q

the relationship among the numbers we have assigned to the information

A

level of measurement

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3
Q

levels of measuremetn

A

four levels are nominal, ordinal, equal interval, and ratio

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4
Q

four levels are nominal, ordinal, equal interval, and ratio

A

levels of measurement

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5
Q

nominal

A

numbers are assigned to represent labels or categories of data only

frequency, mode, chi-square

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6
Q

numbers are assigned to represent labels or categories of data only

A

nominal

frequency, mode, chi-square

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7
Q

ordinal

A

numbers are assigned to rank-order data. However, the distances or values between numbers are not equal; they can vary

Frequency, mode, median, percentile, rank-order correlation

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8
Q

numbers are assigned to rank-order data. However, the distances or values between numbers are not equal; they can vary

A

ordinal

Frequency, mode, median, percentile, rank-order correlation

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9
Q

interval

A

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is judged to be equal. However, there is no absolute zero point (a number that indicates the complete absence of what is measured).

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, t test, F test

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10
Q

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is judged to be equal. However, there is no absolute zero point (a number that indicates the complete absence of what is measured).

A

interval

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, t test, F test

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11
Q

ratio

A

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is also equal, and there is an absolute zero point.

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, proportion, t test, F test

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12
Q

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is also equal, and there is an absolute zero point.

A

ratio

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, proportion, t test, F test

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13
Q

categorical data

A

data grouped according to a common property

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14
Q

data grouped according to a common property

A

categorical data

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15
Q

raw scores

A

the most basic scores calculated from a psychological test

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16
Q

the most basic scores calculated from a psychological test

A

raw scores

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17
Q

norm group

A

a previously tested group of individulas

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18
Q

a previously tested group of individulas

A

norm group

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19
Q

frequency distribution

A

an orderly arrangement of a group of numbers (or test scores)

Frequency distributions show the actual number (or percentage) of observations that fall into a range or category; they provide a summary and picture of group data

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20
Q

an orderly arrangement of a group of numbers (or test scores)

A

frequency distribution

Frequency distributions show the actual number (or percentage) of observations that fall into a range or category; they provide a summary and picture of group data

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21
Q

class intervals

A

a way to group raw scores so as to display them

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22
Q

a way to group raw scores so as to display them

A

class intervals

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23
Q

histogram

A

a bar graph used to represent frequency data in statistics

bar graph with spaces between them

24
Q

a bar graph used to represent frequency data in statistics

A

histogram

25
Q

normal curves

A

theoretical distributions that exist in our imagination as perfect and symmetrical, and actually consist of a family of distributions that have the same general bell shape—high in the middle and tapering to the ends

26
Q

theoretical distributions that exist in our imagination as perfect and symmetrical, and actually consist of a family of distributions that have the same general bell shape—high in the middle and tapering to the ends

A

normal curves

27
Q

what percentage of the population will score between the mean and 1 standard deviation?

A

34.1%

28
Q

what percentage of the population will score between 1 and 2 standard deviation?

A

13.6%

29
Q

What percentage of the population will score between 2 and 3 standard deviations?

A

2.1%

30
Q

descriptive statistics

A

describe or summarize a distribution of test scores using numbers

31
Q

describe or summarize a distribution of test scores using numbers

A

descriptive statistics

32
Q

measure of central tendency

A

value that helps us understand the middle of a distribution or set of scores

mean
median
mode = which score occurs most often

33
Q

value that helps us understand the middle of a distribution or set of scores

A

measure of central tendency

mean
median
mode

34
Q

measures of variability

A

Numbers that represent the spread of the scores in the distribution, such as range, variance, and standard deviation.

35
Q

Numbers that represent the spread of the scores in the distribution, such as range, variance, and standard deviation.

A

measures of variability

36
Q

range

A

highest score minus the lowest score

37
Q

variance

A

tells us whether individual scores tend to be similar to or substantially different from the mean

38
Q

tells us whether individual scores tend to be similar to or substantially different from the mean

A

variance

39
Q

standard deviation

A

square root of the variance

the most commonly used measure of variability in a distribution of test scores

A measure of variability that represents the degree to which scores vary from the mean.

40
Q

A measure of variability that represents the degree to which scores vary from the mean.

A

standard deviation

41
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistic that we typically use to describe the relationship between two or more distributions of scores

Using a correlation coefficient, we can relate one set of scores to another set to see whether the same individuals scored similarly on two different tests

42
Q

a statistic that we typically use to describe the relationship between two or more distributions of scores

A

correlation coefficient

43
Q

Normal distribution:
1 standard dviaion above and below =
2 standard deviation above and below =
3 standard deviations above and below =

A 
1 = 68%
2 = 95%
3 = 99%
44
Q

Pearson product−moment correlation coefficient

A

r
the coefficient measures the linear association between two variables, or sets of test scores, that have been measured on interval or ratio scales

used to calculate correlation coefficient

45
Q

the coefficient measures the linear association between two variables, or sets of test scores, that have been measured on interval or ratio scales

A

Pearson product−moment correlation coefficient

46
Q

Linear transformations

A

change the unit of measurement, but do not change the characteristics of the raw data in any way

percentages
z Scores
T Scores

47
Q

change the unit of measurement, but do not change the characteristics of the raw data in any way

A

Linear transformations

48
Q

Area transformations

A

change not only the unit of measurement, but also the unit of reference (for reading raw data)

percentiles: percentage of scores in a distribution that fall at or below a given raw score (1 of 2 definitions)

Stanines: a standard score scale with nine points that allows us to describe a distribution in words instead of numbers

49
Q

change not only the unit of measurement, but also the unit of reference (for reading raw data)

A

Area transformations

50
Q

norms

A

test scores achieved by some identified group of individuals

51
Q

test scores achieved by some identified group of individuals

A

norms

52
Q

norm-based interpretation

A

The process of comparing an individual’s test score to a norm group

53
Q

The process of comparing an individual’s test score to a norm group

A

norm-based interpretation

54
Q

types of norms

A

age norms and grade norms: allow us to determine at what age level or grade level an individual is performing

percentile ranks: it provides us with a way to rank individuals on a scale from 1% to 100%, making it relatively easy to interpret

55
Q

Cautions with norms

A

although raw score on a test remains the same, our interpretation of their performance will differ depending on the norm group with which we compare his test score

look at size of the norm group

use up-to-date norms

careful wen using age and grade norms (smart 10 year old could be placed in grade 10)

PSY 5330 (18 decks)

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