4

Question 1

level of measurement

Answer 1

the relationship among the numbers we have assigned to the information

Question 2

the relationship among the numbers we have assigned to the information

Answer 2

level of measurement

Question 3

levels of measuremetn

Answer 3

four levels are nominal, ordinal, equal interval, and ratio

Question 4

four levels are nominal, ordinal, equal interval, and ratio

Answer 4

levels of measurement

Question 5

nominal

Answer 5

numbers are assigned to represent labels or categories of data only

frequency, mode, chi-square

Question 6

numbers are assigned to represent labels or categories of data only

Answer 6

nominal

frequency, mode, chi-square

Question 7

ordinal

Answer 7

numbers are assigned to rank-order data. However, the distances or values between numbers are not equal; they can vary

Frequency, mode, median, percentile, rank-order correlation

Question 8

numbers are assigned to rank-order data. However, the distances or values between numbers are not equal; they can vary

Answer 8

ordinal

Frequency, mode, median, percentile, rank-order correlation

Question 9

interval

Answer 9

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is judged to be equal. However, there is no absolute zero point (a number that indicates the complete absence of what is measured).

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, t test, F test

Question 10

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is judged to be equal. However, there is no absolute zero point (a number that indicates the complete absence of what is measured).

Answer 10

interval

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, t test, F test

Question 11

ratio

Answer 11

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is also equal, and there is an absolute zero point.

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, proportion, t test, F test

Question 12

numbers are also assigned to rank-order data, and the distance between numbers is also equal, and there is an absolute zero point.

Answer 12

ratio

Frequency, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, Pearson product−moment correlation, proportion, t test, F test

Question 13

categorical data

Answer 13

data grouped according to a common property

Question 14

data grouped according to a common property

Answer 14

categorical data

Question 15

raw scores

Answer 15

the most basic scores calculated from a psychological test

Question 16

the most basic scores calculated from a psychological test

Answer 16

raw scores

Question 17

norm group

Answer 17

a previously tested group of individulas

Question 18

a previously tested group of individulas

Answer 18

norm group

Question 19

frequency distribution

Answer 19

an orderly arrangement of a group of numbers (or test scores)

Frequency distributions show the actual number (or percentage) of observations that fall into a range or category; they provide a summary and picture of group data

Question 20

an orderly arrangement of a group of numbers (or test scores)

Answer 20

frequency distribution

Frequency distributions show the actual number (or percentage) of observations that fall into a range or category; they provide a summary and picture of group data

Question 21

class intervals

Answer 21

a way to group raw scores so as to display them

Question 22

a way to group raw scores so as to display them

Answer 22

class intervals

Question 23

histogram

Answer 23

a bar graph used to represent frequency data in statistics

bar graph with spaces between them

Question 24

a bar graph used to represent frequency data in statistics

Answer 24

histogram

Question 25

normal curves

Answer 25

theoretical distributions that exist in our imagination as perfect and symmetrical, and actually consist of a family of distributions that have the same general bell shape—high in the middle and tapering to the ends

Question 26

theoretical distributions that exist in our imagination as perfect and symmetrical, and actually consist of a family of distributions that have the same general bell shape—high in the middle and tapering to the ends

Answer 26

normal curves

Question 27

what percentage of the population will score between the mean and 1 standard deviation?

Answer 27

34.1%

Question 28

what percentage of the population will score between 1 and 2 standard deviation?

Answer 28

13.6%

Question 29

What percentage of the population will score between 2 and 3 standard deviations?

Answer 29

2.1%

Question 30

descriptive statistics

Answer 30

describe or summarize a distribution of test scores using numbers

Question 31

describe or summarize a distribution of test scores using numbers

Answer 31

descriptive statistics

Question 32

measure of central tendency

Answer 32

value that helps us understand the middle of a distribution or set of scores mean median mode = which score occurs most often

Question 33

value that helps us understand the middle of a distribution or set of scores

Answer 33

measure of central tendency mean median mode

Question 34

measures of variability

Answer 34

Numbers that represent the spread of the scores in the distribution, such as range, variance, and standard deviation.

Question 35

Numbers that represent the spread of the scores in the distribution, such as range, variance, and standard deviation.

Answer 35

measures of variability

Question 36

range

Answer 36

highest score minus the lowest score

Question 37

variance

Answer 37

tells us whether individual scores tend to be similar to or substantially different from the mean

Question 38

tells us whether individual scores tend to be similar to or substantially different from the mean

Answer 38

variance

Question 39

standard deviation

Answer 39

square root of the variance the most commonly used measure of variability in a distribution of test scores A measure of variability that represents the degree to which scores vary from the mean.

Question 40

A measure of variability that represents the degree to which scores vary from the mean.

Answer 40

standard deviation

Question 41

correlation coefficient

Answer 41

a statistic that we typically use to describe the relationship between two or more distributions of scores Using a correlation coefficient, we can relate one set of scores to another set to see whether the same individuals scored similarly on two different tests

Question 42

a statistic that we typically use to describe the relationship between two or more distributions of scores

Answer 42

correlation coefficient

Question 43

Normal distribution: 1 standard dviaion above and below = 2 standard deviation above and below = 3 standard deviations above and below =

Answer 43

``` 1 = 68% 2 = 95% 3 = 99% ```

Question 44

Pearson product−moment correlation coefficient

Answer 44

r the coefficient measures the linear association between two variables, or sets of test scores, that have been measured on interval or ratio scales used to calculate correlation coefficient

Question 45

the coefficient measures the linear association between two variables, or sets of test scores, that have been measured on interval or ratio scales

Answer 45

Pearson product−moment correlation coefficient

Question 46

Linear transformations

Answer 46

change the unit of measurement, but do not change the characteristics of the raw data in any way percentages z Scores T Scores

Question 47

change the unit of measurement, but do not change the characteristics of the raw data in any way

Answer 47

Linear transformations

Question 48

Area transformations

Answer 48

change not only the unit of measurement, but also the unit of reference (for reading raw data) percentiles: percentage of scores in a distribution that fall at or below a given raw score (1 of 2 definitions) Stanines: a standard score scale with nine points that allows us to describe a distribution in words instead of numbers

Question 49

change not only the unit of measurement, but also the unit of reference (for reading raw data)

Answer 49

Area transformations

Question 50

norms

Answer 50

test scores achieved by some identified group of individuals

Question 51

test scores achieved by some identified group of individuals

Answer 51

norms

Question 52

norm-based interpretation

Answer 52

The process of comparing an individual’s test score to a norm group

Question 53

The process of comparing an individual’s test score to a norm group

Answer 53

norm-based interpretation

Question 54

types of norms

Answer 54

age norms and grade norms: allow us to determine at what age level or grade level an individual is performing percentile ranks: it provides us with a way to rank individuals on a scale from 1% to 100%, making it relatively easy to interpret

Question 55

Cautions with norms

Answer 55

although raw score on a test remains the same, our interpretation of their performance will differ depending on the norm group with which we compare his test score look at size of the norm group use up-to-date norms careful wen using age and grade norms (smart 10 year old could be placed in grade 10)