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IP 11 Theriogenology > 4, 5, 6: clin approach to M repro failure > Flashcards

4, 5, 6: clin approach to M repro failure Flashcards

1
Q

1* cause for M repro fail?

A

management

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2
Q

what is impotentia coeundi?

A

conditions that interfere w ability of M to complete copulation successfully

C - cannot do it

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3
Q

what is impotentia generandi?

A

conditions resulting in conception failure after normal copulation

Gen - can do it but it is not successful

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4
Q

ex of impotentia coeundi:

A

unwilling to breed

unable to copulate

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5
Q

why might an animal be unwilling to breed?

A

inherently poor libido

psychogenic impotence [some kind of negative reinforcement]

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6
Q

why might animal be unable to copulate?

A

non genital dz - musculoskeletal or extremely poor BCS

path problem, may or may not involve normal libido

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7
Q

how common is inherently poor libido?

A

not common - very rare

over diagnosed

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8
Q

causes of poor libido?

A
  • abnormality of sexual development

- e2 secreting neoplasia (sertoli cell tumor)

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9
Q

how does time of puberty contribute to impotentia coeundi?

A

immature, inexperienced

behavior - needs time and practice to figure out how to do it

also new Mm and Nn used in process of mating/copulation

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10
Q

examples of social cues importance for impotentia coeundi?

A
  • take stud dog to FM territory
  • old, dominant hembra may not kush for novice M
  • young boar may not breed of older or dominant boar is around
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11
Q

how can psychogenic impotence impede M ability to breed?

A
  • negative reinforcement for sexual behavior display [often in show animals]
  • overuse
  • inadequate facilities: slippery floor, roof too low, etc
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12
Q

come musculoskeletal issues making M unwilling or painful when mounting?

A
  • hind feed : abscess, white line dz, interdigital fibroma in bulls
  • hocks : poor conformation - joint pathology, chronic high demands physically
  • back issue: vertebral spondylosis in old bulls
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13
Q

ex of neuro issues making M unwilling to mount or unable to mount?

A

neurologic

  • equine protozoal myelitis
  • wobbler’s dz [stallions]
  • degenerative myelopathy
  • dog; lumbosacral dz
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14
Q

why not able to achieve intromission?

A

failure to achieve erection
erectile dysfunction (abnormal erection)
lesions of penis / prepuce

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15
Q

what does erection require?

A
  • neuro output
  • occlusion of venous outflow from cavernous spaces by contraction of ischiocavernosus Mm (ICM)
  • ICM contraction -> inc blood flow into penile Aa and cavernous spaces -> inc CCP pressure -> erection
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16
Q

mechanism of erection failure, possible issues?

A

failure of neuro input
lack of blood flow into CCP
leakage of blood from CCP

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17
Q

MC neuro or blood flow issue to penis pathology?

A

neuro issues are more common

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18
Q

what may occur if there is a rent in the corpus spongiosum penis of the stallion?
Tx?

A
  • small rent: normal erection
  • hemospermia
  • No Tx
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19
Q

how does hemospermia affect stallion and dog sperm?

A

stallion - kills sperm

dog - okay, no effect

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20
Q

what happens when broken penis occurs in bull?

where is MC site?

why does it occur?

A
  • ruptured tunica albuginea (TA) allows blood to escape from CCP and form hematoma
  • MC site: just distal to sigmoid flexure, near insertion of retractor penis M
  • there is a drastic pressure change from non erection to erection
  • if an unnatural force bends penis during erection
  • typical story: heifer collapses during mating and breaks penis of bull
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21
Q

clin signs of broken penis in bull?

acute and chronic presentation?

A
  • preputial swelling just Cr to scrotum
  • abscess of hematoma site
  • prolapse of internal preputial lamina and penis
  • secondary trauma to prolapsed tissue

acute: hematoma
chronic: abscess

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22
Q

dx broken penis in bull?

Tx?

A

clin signs
u/s - see disrupted TA, hematoma or abscess
u/s guided needle aspiration to differentiate hematoma from abscess

Tx? acute: drain and lavage abscess
chronic: poor prognisis - salvage semen if valuable bull

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23
Q

MC reason M fails to achieve intromission due to abnormal erection? bulls

A

penis deviations

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24
Q

what is corkscrew penis in bulls?

can be repaired? heritable?

A

spiraling of penis that normally occurs after intromission takes place prematurely, px intromission from occurring

progressive - may have low preg rate 1st season then worse rates 2nd season

heritable - no repair - soln is to cull

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25
Q 
persistent penile frenulum: 
what is it?
what species?
how does it affect breeding ability?
Tx?
A
  • fibrous attachment of lamina interna to free portion of penile tip
  • penis fails to protrude fully and may deviate ventrally
  • bull, dog, boar, camelids
  • frenulum normally disrupted at puberty
  • heritable in angus
  • surgically disrupt for commercial stock production ONLY; NOT for seedstock offspring
  • or cull
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26
Q

what species may experience congenital “shortness” of the penis?

cause?
associated w other issues?

A

bull, buck and boar
- bull may get heifers preg but not cows b/c can’t reach cows

absence of sigmoid flexure - penis cannot extend so cannot reach

may be assoc w split scrotum

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27
Q

what is hypospadias?
species MC seen in?
how does it affect breeding?

associated w other issue?

A
  • varying location of urethral orifice [penile, scrotal, perineral]
  • lack of penile protrusion so inability to achieve intromission
  • MC in dog and buck but all species can have it
  • assoc w cleft scrotum
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28
Q

penile paralysis def:

A

no feeling in penis

impotentia coeundi

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29
Q

paraphimosis def:

A

internal lamina of prepuce is outside of sheath and cannot be retracted into penis

impotentia coeundi

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30
Q

priapism def:

A

erection in absence of sexual arousal or prolonged erection after

impotentia coeundi

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31
Q

phimosis def:

A

impotentia coeundi

penis cannot get out of sheatl

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32
Q

lesions of prepuce that potentially px protrusion and intromission?

A
  • congenital preputial stenosis
  • adhesions btwn penis and prepuce OR internal lamina / sheath
  • trauma w 2* inflammation, infection
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33
Q

balanitis def:

A

penis inflammation

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34
Q

posthitis

A

prepuce inflammation

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35
Q

balanoposthitis def?

how does it affect ability to breed?

A

penis and prepuce inflammation

impotentia coeundi - px protrusion and intromission

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36
Q

balanoposthitis in stallion:
predisposition?
resolve issue?
cause / concurrent path?

A
  • excessive sheath cleaning may predispose
  • normal flora is good
  • hard to resolve
  • consider SCC, equine coital exanthema (EHV3)
  • may be sign of something worse
  • secondary infections may occur
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37
Q

balanoposthitis in dog:
cause?
Tx? prognosis?

A

disruption of normal flora - opportunistic infection

  • tx: preputial lavage and intramammary abx
  • maybe systemic abx
  • okay prognosis
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38
Q

balanoposthitis in bull:
cause?
Tx?

A
  • infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus (genital BHV1)
  • venereal dz
  • ulcerations, erosions, sloughing of penile mucosa, 2* bacT infection
  • adhesions if severe => can cause phimosis if severe
  • Tx: sexual rest
  • prophylactic intra preputial abx infusion to px 2* bacT infections
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39
Q 
balanoposthitis in sheep:
MC in ram or wether?
common name?
etiology?
predisposition?
Tx?
A
  • MC wether over ram
  • aka pizzle rot
  • cause: corynebacterium renale
  • high protein intake -> inc urea in urine -> inc bacT conversion to ammonia -> urine scalding of prepuce -> necrosis, blockage of preputial orifice -> urine retention
  • ulceration and adhesions of penis
  • Tx: dec protein intake and shear underside of ram/wether
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40
Q

phimosis:

  • cause?
  • how does it affect breeding?
  • Tx/prognosis
A
  • congenital: persistent penile frenulum or preputial stricture
  • trauma
  • chronic inflammation and or infection
  • px protrusion
  • tx depends on casue: Sx maybe
    congenital better prognosis than acute trauma better prognosis than chronic inflammation/infection
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41
Q

preputial eversion:

when is physiological and when is pathological?

A

physio: bulls and stallions when urinating; post breeding in macho
- ‘hanging out’ - predisposes to internal lamina trauma

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42
Q

Tx preputial eversion?

prognosis?

A
  • fast to px 2* trauma and necrosis
  • clean: dec edema w hydroscopic agent -> replace -> purse string suture
  • abx, anti inflammatories
  • sexual rest
  • good prognosis
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43
Q

extended penis anatomy: distal to proximal?

A

preputial ring or reflection
free portion of prepuce or lamina interna
external preputial orifice
sheath

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44
Q

equine pathology of penile paralysis and paraphimosis?

A
  • EMP, EHV, spinal cord injury occurs
  • dec retractor penis M tone
  • penile paralysis
  • penile swelling
  • paraphimosis
  • out: swells worse, inc intra preputial pressure
  • paraphimosis, swelling, M fxn compromise - cycle continues and worsens
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45
Q

do not give what drug to stallions to px paraphimosis?

A

ace

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46
Q

Tx paraphimosis?

A

mechanical: hydroscopic agents (glycerol, epsom salt soak), massage distal to proximal, assess tissue health
medical: hydrothearapy to dec edema, clean gross area, NSAIDs, abx (systemic and topical)
mgmt: assess urination, retraction, forced exercise, cold water 15 mins BID, avoid sexual arousal

  • ## may use compression bandage, topical tx for lubrication and abx
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47
Q

methods of retention for tx paraphimosis?

A
  • purse string suture (local anesthetic)
  • penis retainer (homemade)
  • probang penis repulsion device (PCV pipe anchored to ventral body wall, holds penis)
  • towel clamps
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48
Q

indications for urinary catheter placement?

A
  • penile paralysis
  • paraphimosis
  • rare: spinal cord lesion (stallion)
  • preputial injury NOT commonly effect urination so NOT an indication
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49
Q

chronic paraphimosis options for bull, stallion, gelding, dog?

A

bull: semen collection if wanted and if possible - cull

others:
phallectomy
perineal urethrostomy
castration (if intact)

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50
Q

paraphimosis prognosis in stallion?

A

good if Tx before 24 hours

prognosis worsens with time

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51
Q

paraphimosis prognosis in bull?

A

better if Tx in acute phase

2* infection, adhesion make prognosis worse

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52
Q

dog paraphimosis: etiology?

Tx?

prognosis?

A

emergency!!!

abnormal preputial orifice (lax, stenotic) or too short prepuce

failure to replace penis into prepuce after breeding
trauma
intra perputial messes (TVT)

Tx - same idea: clean, hydroscopic agents, lubricate, catheter if needed, abx

prognosis: Tx in 24 hrs improves prognosis

may need Sx to enlarge preputial orifice or amputate penis
castrate

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53
Q

priapism MC affects what species?

A

stallion / gelding

then dog

then bull, ram, buck

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54
Q

t/f: priapism is not an emergency

A

FALSE

emergency in any species

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55
Q

etiology and pathophysiology of priapism in equine:

A
  • lesions of spinal cord, nematodiasis, neoplasia
  • dec venous drainage from CCP
  • persistent erection and penile protrusion
  • edema at preputial reflection
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56
Q

how to differentiate priapism from edema in equine?

A

priapism: firm core of penis to shaft - cannot be reduced back into sheath

NOT priapism: edema and can be put back into sheath

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57
Q

edema prominent in priapism?

where is it found?

A

little edema present

if so, MC loc at preputial reflection

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58
Q

priapism in dog:

etiology?

A
  • trauma post mating
  • neuro disorder [distemper, spinal cord]
  • penile thromtoembolism
  • UTI
  • constipation
  • idiopathic
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59
Q

distinguish priapism from paraphimosis in dog?

A

priapism: proximal area will be engorged (bulbis glandis)

paraphimosis NOT engorged

60
Q

Tx of priapism in equine:

A

maintain penile and preputial mucosa

apply compression bandage

provide support w/o replacement

refer

61
Q

if you cannot refer equine priapism case, what to do?

A
  • benztropine mesylate - IV w/in few hrs onset, monitor for ileus and colic
  • massage
  • irritagion of CCP under anesthesia
  • emollient application
  • replacement and retention
62
Q

if priapism in equine does not resolve in 6-8 hours, what is option?

A

phallectomy

63
Q

Tx priapism in dog?

A
  • ID and Tx inciting cause
  • symptomatic Tx to support penile mucosa
  • phallectomy
  • castration alone NOT effective
64
Q

fibropapilloma lesions MC in what species?

A

bull
then stallion
then dog

65
Q

presentaion of bull w fibropapilloma lesion?

A
  • young
  • at skin / mucocutaneous jxn, free portion of penis, internal lamina
  • pedunculated [stalk] or sessile [more attached] - single or multiple
66
Q

complications of bull w fibropapilloma?

A
  • hemorrhage
  • ulceration, 2* infection
  • dec libido
  • preputial prolapse due to enlargement
67
Q

Tx fibropapilloma in bull?

BSE prognosis?

A

self cure by 3 yo

remove - pull w hemostat
sx

autogenous vacc option

good prognosis

68
Q

presentation of fibropapilloma in stallion?

Tx?

A
  • uncommon
  • occur w balanoposthitis
  • no tX
  • cause of SCC maybe
69
Q

dog fibropapilloma presentation?

A
  • poorly circumscribed
  • slow developing
  • ulcerative
70
Q

MC penile/preputial neoplasm of stallion / gelding?

A

SCC

on glans penis, internal lamina

71
Q

complications of SCC?

A
  • red smegma
  • prolapse
  • 2* infection, trauma, ulceration
  • slow to met to regional lnn
72
Q

Tx of SCC in stallion / gelding?

A

cryotherapy
5 FU (topical)
aldara (topical)
sx excision - reefing or phallectomy

73
Q

less common equine penile neoplasms?

Tx?

A
  • sarcoid (of sheath or internal preputial lamina)
  • melanoma (internal lamina)

Tx - sx excision

74
Q

canine MC penile neoplasm?

presentation?
Tx?
prognosis?

A

TVT - transmissible venereal tumor

spread via coitus (genital) or sniffing (nose, mucocutaneous jxn)

young animal
grey nodular mass invading prepuce and/or penis
firable, ulceratibe

Tx: sx debluking, chemo (vincristine), laser therapy

recurrence high rate

75
Q

complete ejaculatory failure - some causes?

A
  • ejaculatory reflex disrupted
    damage to sensory nn of glans penis
    dorsal N of penis damaged 2* to stretching (from paraphimosis)
    compression of spinal root by exostoses (old bull)
  • localized pain: lumbosacral, peritonitis in Cd abdomen (bulls w seminal vesiculitis)
76
Q

ejaculatory failure MC in what species?

A

dog

77
Q

what is incomplete ejaculate?

A
  • omission of sperm rich fraction from ejaculate during semen collection

azoospermia - look at alk phos

78
Q

what is ejaculatory mixing of fractions?

pathology?

A

alternation btwn sperm rich and prostatic fractions

NOT pathologic

79
Q

what is outside tie?

A

natural mating, dog fails to achieve intromission - ties w external preputial orifice and ejaculates

80
Q

what is slip mating?

A

dog achieves but does NOT maintain intromission - breeding may NOT result in pregnancy

81
Q

what is impotentia generandi?

what are organs of concern?

A

failure of fertilization despite normal copulation

testes, epididymis, scrotum, accessory sex glands

82
Q

when considering impotentia genreandi, r/o:

A
  • pathology or subfertility of FM

- management issues

83
Q

components of evaluation for impotentia generandi:

A
  • exam scrotal contents, acc sex glands

- collect and eval semen

84
Q

what is low # sperm?

A

oligozoospermia

85
Q

what is no sperm?

A

azoospermia

86
Q

what is abnormal sperm motility?

A

asthenozoospermia

87
Q

what is abnormal sperm morphology?

A

teratozoospermia

88
Q

leukospermia def?

A

WBC in semen

NTs

89
Q

hemospermia def?

A

RBC in semen

90
Q

what species is cryptorchidism MC?

A

stallion, dog and boar MC than

bull, ram or buck

91
Q

can unilateral cryptorchids impregnate FM?

A

yes

92
Q

possible mechanisms of cryptorchidism?

A
  • abnormal / insufficient development of the gubernaculum
  • inadequate dev of epididymal tail -> fail to dilate internal inguinal ring
  • insufficient intra abdominal pressure to distend vaginal process
  • testicular teratoma
  • aberrations of repro hormonal environment
93
Q

unilateral retention in horse - common location?

A
  • sub Q tissue
  • inguinal canal
  • abdomen: left testis more frequently retained
94
Q

bilateral retained in horse - common location?

A
  • both in abdomen or both in inguinal area

- mixed locations are uncommon

95
Q

what is risk for malignant neoplasia from cryptorchidism in horse?

A

very low

teratoma is benign

96
Q

goal of cryptorchid evaluation:

A
  • confirm presence of fxnl testicular tissue

- locate occult gonad

97
Q

what to palpate for during scrotal PE if cryptorchidism is suspected?

A
  • lack of scrotal testis

- ID testis at superficial aspect of inguinal canal

98
Q

for rectal palpation to ID cryptorchid testes?

A
  • deeper into inguinal canal - feel ductus deferens entering inguinal ring
  • intra abdominally retained testis: epididymal tail and testis often identifiable in area of internal inguinal ring
99
Q

how to confirm presence of testis that were palpated?

A

trans rectal u/s

100
Q

greatest use for transcutaneous u/s when cryptorchid testicle is suspected?

A
  • find loc of testicle after confirmation of retention using endocrine assays

sequential image: inguinal area, cd ventral abdomen to flank fold, lateral aspect of flank

101
Q

what endocrine assays exist for cryptorchid?

A
  • T
  • AMH
  • estrone sulfate
102
Q

describe baseline T test for cryptorchid in horse?

A
  • get baseline T conc: if less than 100-250, the NO testicular tissue
  • if high, means cryptorchid
  • if low, then he may still be too young (less than 18 mos)
103
Q

describe T stim test for cryptorchid in horse?

A
  • baseline T conc
  • give hCG -> LH like activity on leydig cells
  • should see inc by 2-3x in T conc after hCG if testicular tissue in horse
  • give horse 48 or 72 hrs to respond

better than baseline test

104
Q

what is estrone sulfate test for cryptorchid?

A
  • leydig cells produce estrone in quantities greater than T
  • take single serum sample in horse over 3 yo
  • it is conjugated in soluble water and is inactive -> blood vessel

NOT used in donkey jack or mule

105
Q

AMH test for cryptorchid equine?

A
  • AMH = glycoprotein sec by sertoli cells in lg quantities
  • prod by testis -> stim regression of paramesonephric duct system in M fetus via supression of leydig cell differentiation and steroidogenesis
  • levels remain high in M until puberty
  • at puberty, the blood testis barrier evolves and AMH sec into seminiferous tubule lumen and into seminal plasma
  • dec in prod BUT prod in cryptorchid testes, Sertoli cell tumors and intersex gonads

gelding: little/none
stallion: little bit
cryptorchid: a lot

should work in donkeys, mules too

106
Q

cryptorchid dog - what age descent?

A

8 wks old

107
Q

heritability of cryptorchidism in dog?

A

sex limited autosomal recessive trait

108
Q

breeds at inc risk?

A

toy, minis
boxer
old eng sheepdog

109
Q

dx cryptorchid in dog?

A
  • PE
  • u/s of inguinal region and abdomen
  • endo assays: baseline T, LH serum conc
110
Q

how does LH serum conc test determine cryptorchid dog?

A
  • castrated dogs lack neg feedback loop so have high LH

- presence of cryptorchid testicle -> prod T so low LH b/c of feedback loop

111
Q

Tx cryptorchid in dog?

A

unethical and questionable efficacy anyways

  • medical: hCG injections, GnRH analog injections, T [not effective]
  • orchiopexy - tack testis into scrotum

MUST BILATERALLY CASTRATE

112
Q

dog risk for malignant neoplasia in retained testicles?

A

VERY HIGH

113
Q

how does thermal induced testicular degeneration occur?

thermal induced testicular degeneration reversible?

A

insulation: spermatic cord insulated by fat, varicoele, inguinal hernia, hydrocele

inc temp: fever or environmental

inflammation from frost bite or dermatitis

infection: periorchitis, orchitis, epididymitis

yes

114
Q

irreversible causes of testicular degeneration:

A

toxins (gossypol, cotton seed in bulls)
inc corticosteroids - dec LH sec (endogenous or exogenous)
dec FSH and/or dec LH sec - ant pit lesion or sertoli cell tumor
age related / senile
idiopathic

115
Q

clin signs of testicular degeneration?

A
  • dec testicle size
  • prominent epididymis
  • altered testicle consistency: soft if acute or firm if chronic
  • normal libido
  • abnormal spermiogram (few/no sperm) OR teratozoospermia
116
Q

dx testicular degeneration?

A
  • clin signs
  • spermiogram
  • testicular bioopsy (rare)
  • hormone conc NOT good dx tool
117
Q

prognosis testicular degeneration depends on?

A
  • etiology
  • duration of insult
  • bilateral or unilateral
118
Q

testicular hypoplasia:
reversible?
causes?
signs?

A
  • irreversible
  • indaequate # germinal cells
  • bilaterally small testes AND epididymis
  • few to no sperm and abnormal morph
  • etiology: family predisposition/sporadic
    chromosome abnormalities (XXY - bull, ram, boar, dog)
    M tortoise shell and calico cats
119
Q

orchitis?
etiology?
route of infection

A
  • inflammation of testis
  • unilateral MC than bilateral
  • infection or autoimmune
  • infection via: direct inocluation or hematogenous spread or ascending from epididymis
120
Q

MC causes of orchitis:

A
  • ubiquitous bacT (e coli or staphylococcus)
  • mycoplasma
  • brucella
  • pyogenic organisms common to that species

less common: dog - distemper virus, autoimmune
tom cat: FIP virus

121
Q

Tx of orchitis:

A

abx not successful
salvage breeding of unilateral infection - abx and anti inflammatories
guarded future breeding soundness
cull if brucella!

bilateral: cull - poor soundness

122
Q

testicular neoplasia common or rare in most species? exception is which species?

A

rare

except in dog (10%)

123
Q

MC presentation of dog testicular neoplasia?

A

incidental - necropsy finding

death unrelated

124
Q

how is testicular neoplasia classified by endocrinologic activity?

A

active

inert

125
Q

what tumors are active testicular tumors? what do they sec?

A

interstitial (leydig cell) - sec T

sertoli cell tumor - sec e2

126
Q

inert testicular tumors?

A

seminoma

teratoma

127
Q

metastasis to testicular neoplasia common?

A

NO

128
Q

Tx of choice for testicular neoplasia?

A

sx excision

129
Q

clin signs in dog w leydig cell tumor:

A
  • small
  • no impact on fertility
  • inc prostatic dz
  • inc circumanal gland adenoma
130
Q

clin sign in dog w sertoli cell tumor?

A
  • contra lateral testis atrophy
  • prostatic squamous metaplasia
  • feminization
131
Q

seminoma clin signs in dog?

A

large
abdominal pain w cryptorchid
innocuous if scrotal

132
Q

teratoma MC seen in what species?
sequelae?
Tx?

A
  • abdominally retained testes in horse
  • solid or cystic w multiple embryonic cell types
  • rare met - can be lg and cause colic!
  • Tx - sx removal
133
Q

epididymitis?
MC species?
acute and chronic presentation?

A

inflammed epididymis
ram MC over dog, bull, stallion

acute: lg and painful epididymis, leukospermia, teratozoospermia
chronic: firm, nodular epididymis, occlusion of epididymal outflow, ipsilateral testicular atrophy
sperm granuloma can occur if BTB compromised
unilateral: few sperm
bilatersl: NO sperm

134
Q

MC etiology of epididymitis in ram?

A
  • brucella ovis
    venereal transmission via homosexual activity or breeding infected ewes
  • persistent infection
135
Q

clin sings of brucella ovis epididymitis in ram?

A
  • lg epididymal tail
  • leukospermia if acute
  • sperm granulomas
  • testicular atrophy if chronic
  • maybe seminal vesiculitis
136
Q

Dx brucella ovis epididymitis in rams?

Tx?

A
  • serology - ELISA
  • semen culture
  • dec prod rate and inc lambing interval

NO Tx -> cull + rams

137
Q

ram lamb or young virgin ram epididymitis etiology?

A
  • HPA group: histophilus, acctinobacillus siminis, pasteurella haemolytics

often sub clin infections in herds - self cure 60% of time
revealed w poor herd hygeine

138
Q

clin signs of HPA / epididymitis ?

A

leukospermia

acute: swelling, heat and pain in testicles/epididymis; anorexia; hyperfibriongenemia
chronic: testicular atrophy, fibrosis and Calcification, epididymal fibrosis

139
Q

dx of ram lamb epididymitis?
tx?
px?

A

semen eval and culture

NO Tx - oxy tet may help

px w clean environment and dec intensity of mgmt

140
Q

sperm granuloma etiology?

A

any species
result of epididymitis or compromise of integrity of ductus deferens

unilateral: oligospermia and subfertile
bilateral: azoospermia and infertility

141
Q

seminal vesiculitis - species?
age?
etiology?
transmission?

A

bulls
young MC than old - intensive mgmt w high stocking density
high feed intake, fast grower

a pyogenes commonly isolated but more also

venereal transmission to cows possible but no big issue

142
Q

clin signs of seminal vesiculitis in bull?

acute and chronic

A

acute: dec libido, pain, lg or painful vesicular glands on transrectal palpation
chronic: poor fertility despite normal libido, firm and nodular areas but no pain on palpation

143
Q

semen of seminal vesiculitis in bulls?

A
  • gross: flocculent, grey color
  • asthenozoospermia
  • teratozoospermia (2* defects especially)
  • leukospermia
  • inc pH
144
Q

Tx of seminal vesiculitis?

A

young: abx and self resolve
re evaluate 60 days

old: bilateral = cull; unilateral = abx NOT effective, formalin injection, seminal vesiculectomy (hard sx to do), CULL if semen is poor

145
Q

dog prostatic hyperplasia notes:

big Tx:

A

benign
intact get it b/c DHT accumulation
castration may help but not fix it

inhibit conversion of T to DHT - a 5a reductase inhibitor at level of prostate

IP 11 Theriogenology (15 decks)

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