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IP 11 Theriogenology > 35 - termination of preg > Flashcards

35 - termination of preg Flashcards

1
Q

indications for termination of pregnancy?

A

to preserve the health/well being of the dam

population control

misalliance [unwanted mating]

feeder heifers [for meat, not breeding]

termination of non viable pregnancies

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2
Q

what species can the “morning after” method be used to terminate pregnancy?

A

canine

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3
Q

what is the morning after Tx?

what drug and dosage?

when MUST it be given

A

estradiol benzoate (compounded)

0.2 mg/kg IM

given AFTER ovulation

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4
Q

what is the mechanism of action for estradiol benzoate?

A

induces embryo degeneration and delays passage from uterine tube into the uterus

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5
Q

side effects of estradiol benzoate?

A

bone marrow suppression (for high doses)

induction of p4 receptors => pyometra concern

prolongation of estrus

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6
Q

how effective is “morning after” estradiol benzoate if the bitch is treated after ovulation?

A

100% effective at preventing pregnancy

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7
Q

logistically, at what stage of the bitch’s cycle should you order the morning after drug if a mis mating occurs, to allow time for it to be compounded by a pharmacy?

A

when she is in pro estrus

that way, you have time to order it before she ovulates, to give the drug just after she ovulates

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8
Q

what hormones should be measured to determine if a bitch will / has ovulated?

A

p4

LH

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9
Q

how does estradiol benzoate (morning after) inc risk of pyometra?

A

bitch is under influence of p4 -> you treat her with e2 after ovulation -> receptors are amplified for p4 in the endometrium => inc risk for cyctic endometrial hyperplasia => pyometra

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10
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in the ewe?

A

UNTIL day 50 of pregnancy

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11
Q

drugs and dosages used to induce luteolysis in ewe?

A

2.5 mg dinoprost

125-250 ug cloprostenol

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12
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in the cow / heifer?

A

UNTIL day 150 of gestation

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13
Q

what drugs and dosages are used to cause luteolysis in cow?

A

25 mg dinoprost

500 ug chlorpostenol

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14
Q

according to the label, until what day of pregnancy is Lutalyse labeled effective?

A

until day 90

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15
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in sow?

A

after day 15, continuing through entire gestation

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16
Q

what drug and dose is used to induce luteolysis in sow?

A

10 mg dinoprost

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17
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in the nanny?

why?

A

anytime

b/c the pregnancy is CL dependent the entire pregnancy

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18
Q

what drug is NOT used in the hembra to induce luteolysis?

A

dinoprost

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19
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in hembra?

A

all gestation

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20
Q

what drug and dose is used for luteolysis in hembra?

A

250 ug of cloprostenol

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21
Q

when can luteolysis be induced in the mare?

A

until day 35 of gestation (for 1* CL)

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22
Q

what drugs and doses for luteolysis in mare?

A

5 mg dinoprost

125 ug cloprostenol

23
Q

how old must the CL be in ALL SPECIES to be receptive to luteolysis?

in the sow?

A

all - 5 days

sow - 15 days

24
Q

at what point is the bitch examined to determine if luteolysis should be induced to terminate her pregnancy?

A

4 weeks after mating

25
Q

what is BEST method to terminate pregnancy in bitch?

A

spay her

26
Q

why is surgical termination preferred in the bitch over medical termination?

A

b/c PGs have many side effects => bitch will be VERY ill

27
Q

when is the best time to induce luteolysis in a bitch?

why?

A

over 30 days after LH surge

prior to 30 days, the CL has autonomous function and is very refractory to PGs

after 30 days, CL is easier to lyse

28
Q

how long might it take to lyse the CL of the bitch?

why?

A

may take up to 14 days

bitch CL is very refractory to PG

29
Q

why is the CL easier to lyse after 30 days?

A

at this time, CL is dependent on prolactin and LH so is more fragile

30
Q

why is termination of pregnancy in bitch not performed NOT immediately after the mis mating?

A

b/c 60% will not be pregnant

wait 4 weeks to see if she is pregnant

31
Q

after 45 days in the bitch pregnancy, how must the pregnancy be terminated?

A

remove uterus and inject each puppy thru the uterine wall with euthanasia solution

32
Q

what are 2 protocols for use of dinoprost to cause luteolytsis in the bitch?

which is used and why?

A

ONE:

  1. 05 mg/kg BID for one day
  2. 1 mg/kg BID for one day
  3. 25 mg/kg BID until empty, so typically for 5 days or more

TWO:
0.01 mg/kg QID

OPTION 1 is used b/c low dose option is NOT effective

33
Q

in addition to dinoprost, what else may be used in the bitch?

why is it not used?

A

0.005 mg/kg cloprostenol BID until empty - typically 7 days or more

a dog died in one study - so if you use it and the bitch dies, the lawyers will use this against you

34
Q

when selecting between dinoprost and clorprostenol, which is the better option for the bitch?

why?

A

dinoprost

d/t its ecbolic effects

35
Q

what class of drugs can be combined with PG for luteolysis in the bitch?

A

dopaminergic drugs

36
Q

what drug used commonly in Europe for bitch abortion is NOT legal in the USA?

why not?

A

RU-486

human abortion drug

37
Q

what is mechanism of RU-486?

A

competitive p4 receptor blocker

removes the effect of p4 on the endometrium to induce fetal death

38
Q

how to induce luteolysis in the feline?

at what time in gestation?

A

0.1 mg/kg PG BIT for 5-7 days

after day 40

39
Q

t/f

once the feline placenta has begun producing p4, the PG is no longer effective at causing abortion

A

false

is effective after placenta begins producing p4

40
Q

after day 100, what drugs are used to cause luteolysis in cow?

A

PgF and dexamethosone

41
Q

t/f

prednisolone may be used instead of dexamathasone in the cow for luteolysis

A

false

prednisolone may NOT be used

42
Q

why is dexamethosone used in cow to induce luteolysis after 100 days?

A

stimulates pre partal fetal distress

b/c fetal adrenal gland is well developed enough to respond

43
Q

how is dexamethasone administered in the cow and what amount?

A

25 mg IM

44
Q

what is used to induce parturition in the ewe after day 50?

drug, amount and route of administration

A

dexamethosone
10 mg (can use up to 15 mg)
IM

45
Q

why is PgF NOT effective at causing luteolysis in the ewe after day 50?

A

she no longer has a CL at this point

46
Q

how long does the hembra rely on CL for maintenance of preg?

A

entire gestation

11 mos

47
Q

what is used to end hembra pregnancy?

A

dexamethasone

48
Q

t/f

the hembra CL is refractory to luteolysis, like the dog

clinical significance?

A

false

it is VERY sensitive - to corticosteroids so it is easy to abort on accident

clin sig: topical Tx for derm conditions and drops for ophthalmic conditions may induce abortion in the hembra

49
Q

why must multiple doses of PgF be given to the mare between days 35-80 to cause luteylysis?

A

b/c she has accessory CLs by this time so needs multiple doses to lyse them all

50
Q

after what day will the mare have delayed return to estrus?

why?

A

after day 35

b/c endometrial cups have formed and they cannot be destroyed

51
Q

what must be done after day 80 in mare gestation to abort medically?

how is this accomplished?

side affects?

A

destroy fetal placental source of p4

multiple high doses of dexamethasone

mare may develop laminitis -> avoid using this Tx

52
Q

prior to day 35, what how can preg be terminated in the mare?

A

crush the conceptus

give dose of PG

53
Q

after day 80, how is abortion achieved in the mare surgically?

A

manual abortion

u/s guided needle puncture to kill conceptus / fetus

dilate cervix and remove fetus (may be alive - so must kill it after)

54
Q

what is used to dilate cervix of mare for manual abortion?

A

PgE2 or PgE1 (misoprostol)

IP 11 Theriogenology (15 decks)

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