3rd Quarter Restorative Art ALL CARDS Flashcards
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
major restoration
types of major restorations
full head of hair
deep wound preparation and care of deep lacerations
repair or reconstruction of multiple fractures
buck-teeth (dental prognathism)
3rd degree burns
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
restorative art
time-table of RA treatment layout
Pre-embalming
Concurrent Embalming
Post Embalming
These are examples of what type of treatment?Setting featuresSuturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.Resetting fracturesPuncture blistersSupport surface tissuesMinor buck teeth issues
Pre-Embalming Treatments
Buck teeth are also called…
dental prognathism
These are examples of what type of treatment?Internal (active) dyeMaintaining feature corrections/alignmentLimiting swelling
Concurrent Embalming Treatments
These are examples of what type of treatment?
Remove scabs
Excise diseased or mutilated tissues
Suture incisions, lacerations
Reduce swellings (it has already occurred)
Reduce tissue swelling (using gravity, compress- ace bandage, channeling-small incisions, electric spatula,Be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skin
Deep wound preparation and waxing Feature modeling Bleaching Masking discolorations External coloring and cosmetics (not always to cover something) Correct buck-teeth Attach dismembered parts Hair replacement
Post Embalming Treatments
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
asymmetry
it is natural to be ________
asymetrical
correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face.
symmetry
anterior view of the face or features
front aspect
side view of the human head
profile view
in reference to a photograph; a view that reveals the fullness of the cheeks
three-quarter view
What should the restorative artist not conceal?
Scars
Moles
Birthmarks
Warts
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elementsrefers to the shape of a surface structure, which is recognized by its outline and surface movement.
Form
the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.
embalming
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.
Bilateral differences
the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature.
Bilateral silhouette
a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light
color
hollow space or area
cavity
two sides
bilateral
The body is erect, facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from body.
anatomical position
a prominence or projection of a bone
eminence
a state or degree of being deep
depth
near to the mid-line; opposite of lateral direction
medial
a position or direction away from mid-line; to the side
lateral
more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head
superior
beneath; lower in plane or position; the under surface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet
inferior
the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
projection
a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
recession
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity
concave
boundaries or edges
margins
slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular
oblique
curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
convex
the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
physiognomy
the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour
hypodermic tissue building
a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level
tissue builder
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
a hollow or concave region
depression
the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
the geometric shape of the human skull
oval
an electrically heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form
electric spatula
the topmost part of the head
crown
Crown is also known as…
vertex
weight applied to a surface
external pressure
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
occipital bone
the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.
occipital protuberance
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
parietal bones
the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium
parietal eminence
inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone
temporal bones
the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone
temporal cavity
the vertical surface of the temporal bone
squama
How is the widest part of the cranium measured?
From one parietal eminence to another
a natural body opening or canal
meatus
the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average
Norm
meaning…after death
postmortem
Anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear? What are they? Where are they located?
external auditory meatus
zygomatic arch
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
glabella
the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull
frontal bone
paired, rounded, un-margined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline
frontal eminences
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
superciliary arches
the superior rim of the eye sockets
supraorbital margins
- to observe the relative locations and arrangements of internal parts, it is necessary to cut or section the body along various planes.
Body Planes
a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions. If the division is into two equal halves, it is called median or mid-sagittal
Median (sagittal) plane
divides the body into superior and inferior sections
Horizontal (transverse) plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
Frontal (coronal) plane
inferior to the mandibular fossaear passage…most noticeable
external auditor meatus
anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
posterior to the lobe of the ear most inferior portion of the temporal bone
mastoid process
fatty 1/3 portion of the ear
ear lobe
where does the sternoclediomastoid muscle attach?
Mastoid process
causes bruising and swelling to the eyes
squama
Separation of the head from the body
decapitation
the trunk of a body
torso
when decapitated it the head should be embalmed…
separately from the trunk
the decapitated head can be injected using the….
common carotid arteries if in tact
if the common carotid arteries are destroyed in a decapitation how should injection be made?
External & Internal Carotid Arteries or…
External Maxillary arteries
other methods of decapitated head preservation…
hypodermic injectionsurface compresses
the torso from decapitation can be injected using the ….
common carotid or axillary arteries
Use _____ plastic or wood splints (dowels) or _________ rods that are approximately ___ -____ inches long that are _______________ to reattach the head
3 metal 8 12 sharpened
One rod is inserted into the ___________
spinal canal of the vertebrae
The additional 2 rods are inserted into the muscles on both sides of the __________ and __________
esophagus
trachea
suture the muscles and tissue around the _____________________________ of the neck
entire circumference
use ______________ or _______________to fill in for missing tissue of neck
mortuary mastic or cotton & sealer
posterior process of the ramus of the mandible…articulates the anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
restorative art
refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement
form
the basic form of the nose is shaped how?
pyramid shape
the basic form of an ear is shaped how?
wedged
Form involves the following dimensions…
Length
width
projection
refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface
color
highlights and shadows affect
appearance of color
one thing to do to look at highlights and shadows is to look at it in….
black and white
unless at least _________ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted, because it may resemble a __________. This is called the ________ rule. (mayer)
two-thirds
wax replica
2/3
the ________ may be violated in some cases.
2/3 rule
not all restorative art involves________
wax
types of restorative art without wax
- external cosmetics
2. internally (restorative chemicals w/ ACTIVE dyes)
______________is good to be included with permission to embalm
permission to restore
when preparing a wound using wax it must _________
be firm & dry
wounds must be ________ because you will be placing a substance and the surrounding structure should not ______
firm
move
wounds should be ______because one component of wax is ________
dry
petroleum (oil)
dismembered parts should ALWAYS be attached _________________.
after embalming
study of the structures and surface markings of the face and featuresa topography of the face
physiognomy
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
asymmetry
it is natural to be ________
asymetrical
the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)
norm
one eye width is the same as_______
width of the nose
anthropological classification (pg. 12)
European
Asiatic
African
first people to practice any type of RA
egyptians
practice of reading faces
Plato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of facial meanings
Chinese & mediterranean
practice of reading faces originated in______
China
This era took low priority; little effort to restore
middle ages to early 19th century
restoration began at the end of ___________
the Civil War (civil war era)
done on their own initiativeno textbooksno instruction, cosmetics or instrumentstrial & error
Those that are considered pioneers in RA
early attempts and problems with RA
Plastic surgery (skin transplant)
Plaster of paris
Clay & putty
SoapWaxes
problems with skin transplant
skin dehydrated discoloration
problems with plaster of paris
draws moisture from surrounding tissues
problems with clay & putty
too dark & oily
difficult to hide w/cosmetics
finally manufactures produced a practical substance to perform RA.influence of mortuary science schools in 1920’s
Waxes
body erect with arms at the sides and palms forward
anatomical position
front (before)
anterior
toward back
posterior
top
superior
beneath (lower)
inferior
toward midline
medial line
toward sides (away from median line)
lateral
body planes are located on page
14
horizontal plane also called
transverse plane
frontal plane also called
coronal plane
median (medial) plane also calleddivides into right and left
sagittal plane
state of being deep
depth
hollow or shallow area
depression
area that sticks outState or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
hollow depressed area
concave
outer segment of a circle
convex
line which is neither horizontal or verticalSlope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
inclination
relating to, or having two sides
bilateral
dissimilarities noted when looking at two sides
bilateral differences
bilateral view of a person’s silhouette
bilateral silhouette
a view of a person from the front
frontal aspect
a view of a person from the side
profile
a view of a person that is slightly turned
3 quarter view
additional terminology needed
frontal (anterior view)
margins (boundaries or edges)
oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)
pyramid recession (recessed; withdraw from normal position)
sunken (commonly the eyes)
vertex (crown or topmost part)
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
major restoration
The funeral home can charge the family for RA if_____________
it is on the general price list/contract
Charging the family for RA is ____________.
up to the funeral home…not required
When discussing RA with a family be aware of___________
promises/time lines
Always make sure that the family has __________
clarity
requires a minimum of effort, skill or time to complete
minor restoration
types of minor restorations
tissue building (filler) waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.) bleaching/concealing discolorations removal of fever blisters minor hair replacement (parts of eyebrow, eyelash, etc.) reducing swelling (non-surgical)
distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed normally….
moles
warts
scars
birthmarks
note….
READ AND STUDY TERMS IN CHAPTERS 1 & 2
Bones of the head are divided into….
bones of the cranium
bones of the face
geometric form of the “normal skull”
oval
the geometric from of the skull is determined from what views?
frontal & above
form varies from______________
person to person
why does form vary?
because of differences in width & length
note….
see page 12 for skull comparison of male, female, and infant
effects of tooth loss and
aging
bones of the external cranium
frontal (1)
occipital (1)
parietal (2)
temporal (2)
which bones are paired bones of the cranium
parietal
temporal
anterior third of the cranium
frontal bone
surfaces of the frontal bone
- vertical surface (forehead)
2. horizontal surface (crown)
eminences of the frontal bone
- frontal eminence (2)
- supraorbital margin (2)
- superciliary arch (2) “eyebrow”
- glabella
Rounded prominences on either side of the median line of the frontal bone. May be indistinct at times (unrecognizable) or continuous.
frontal eminence
superior rim of the eye sockets (2)
supraorbital margin
the supraorbital margin lies _________ regarding the superciliary arch.
inferior
on some individuals the supraorbital margin will be _________
prominent
ex: Tommy Lee Jones
lies in the inferior part of the forehead just superior the medial ends of the eyebrows (the thicker part of an arched eyebrow)
superciliary arch
