3C Flashcards
cell differentiation
the process by which a less specialised cell becomes more specialised for a particular function
locus
place on a chromosome where any particular gene is found
multiple alleles
more than two possible variants at a particular locus
codominant
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype
codominant
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype
gene linkage
when genes for two different characteristics are found on the same chromosome and are close together so they are linked and inherited as a single unit
polygenic
phenotypic characters determined by several interacting genes
digenic (dihybrid)
inheritance the inheritance of two pairs of contrasting characteristics at the same time
operon
a unit consisting of linked genes which is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis
discontinuous variation
phenotypic features which are either present or not, usually inherited on one or at most a small number of genes.
continuous cariation
phenotypic features which show a huge range of values; they are usually polygenic and are also affected by environmental factors
transcription factor
protein that binds to the DNA in the nucleus and affects the process of transcribing DNA into RNA
promoter sequence
specific region on the DNA to which transcription factors bind to stimulate transcription
enhancer sequence
specific region of DNA to which transcription factors bind and regulate the activity of the DNA by changing the structure of the chromatin
exons
segments of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence