1C Cardiovascular health and risk Flashcards
valid
an investigation which is well designed to answer the question being asked
precision
measurements with only slight variation between them
reliable
evidence which can be repeated by several different scientists
biased
when someone is unfairly for or against an idea
e.g. when a scientist is paid by someone with a vested interest in a specific result - they may receive benefit from the outcome
evaluate
to assess or judge the quality of a study and the significance of the results
non-communicable conditions
diseases which are not caused by pathogens and cannot be spread from one person to another
probability
a measure of the chance or likelihood that an even will take place
risk
the probability that an event will take place
risk factors
factors wich affect the risk of an event happening
multifactorial disease
a disease wich results form the interactions of many different factors - not rom one simple cause
epidemiology
the study of patterns of health and disease, to identify causes of different conditions and patterns of infection
correlation
a strong tendency for two sets of data to change together
causation
when a factor directly causes a specific effect
longitudinal studies
scientific studies which follow the same group of individuals for many years
metadata analysis
when data from all the available studies in a particular area are analysed
body mass index (BMI)
a calculation to determine if you are a healthy weight by comparing your weight to your height in a simple formula
BMI formula
weight in kg / (height in meters)2 squared
antioxidants
molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules which can lead to chain reactions that may damage cells
what is a healthy ration between LDL:HDL?
3:1 LDL:HDL
what happens if there are high levels of LDLs?
the cell membranes become saturated and so more LDL cholesterol remains in your blood
what are LDLs made from?
saturated fats, proteins and cholesterol
what are HDLs made from?
unsaturated fats, proteins and cholesterol
what do LDLs do?
they bind to cell membranes before being taken into the cells
what do HDLs do?
carry cholesterol from body tissues to the liver to be broken down, lowering blood cholesterol levels
what BMI indicates underweight?
below 18.5 kg/m-2
what BMI is in the ideal range?
18.5-25 kg/m-2
what BMI indicates overweight?
25-30 kg/m-2
what BMI indicates obesity?
30-40 kg/m-2
what BMI defines you as morbidly obese?
over 40 kg/m-2
