1B CVDs Flashcards
symptoms of heart attack
-pain in chest
-pain in left arm
-pain in jaw
-breathlessness
symptoms of stroke
+ 1 treatment
-dizziness
-confusion
-blurred vision
-slurred speech
-numbness
-partial loss of vision
-treatment: clot-busting drugs that dissolve blood clot
cardiovascular diseases
diseases of the heart and circulatory system, many of which are linked to atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis
a condition in which yellow fatty deposits build up on the lining of the arteries, causing them to be narrowed and resulting in many different health problems
plaques
yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis
atheroma
yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis
aneurysm
a weakened, bulging area of artery wall that results form blood collecting behind a blockage caused by plaques
angina
a condition in which plaques are deposited on the endothelium of the arteries and reduce the blood flow to the cardiac muscle through the coronary artery; it results in pain during exercise
myocardial infarction
the events which take place when atherosclerosis leads to the formation of a clot that blocks the coronary artery entirely and deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, so it dies; it can stop the heart functioning
anaerobic respiration
cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen
stent
a metal or plastic mesh tube that is inserted into an artery affected by atherosclerosis to hold it open and allow blood to pass through freely
thrombosis
a clot that forms in a blood vessel
stroke
an event caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply to an area of the brain which may be due to bleeding form damaged capillaries or a blockage cutting off the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blood clot
stages of development of atherosclerosis
- damage to endothelial cells lining the arteries
- inflammatory response (WBC)
- accumulation of cholesterol
- atheroma
- fibrous tissue/ calcium salts
- plaque
- narrowing of lumen / loss of elasticity of the artery
what factors cause damage to the endothelial lining of arteries?
- high blood pressure
- substances in tobacco smoke
how can aneurysms be treated?
they can be treated by surgery before they burst
what happens if an aneurysm bursts?
they lead to massive internal bleeding, blood loss and a drop in blood pressure
where do aneurysms occur?
often occur in the arteries supplying the brain or in the aorta, especially the abdominal aorta
what blood pressure value is considered normal?
120/80 mmHg
what causes hypertension?
due to plaques, the lumen of arteries get narrower and the walls become less flexible
hypertension
high blood pressure, regularly measuring over 140/90 mmHg, which increases your risk of developing CVDs
how is protein in urine a sign of kidney damage?
- hypertension damages the tiny blood vessels where the kidney filters out urea from the blood
- if the tubules are narrowed, the pressure increases and the proteins are forced out through their walls
which body parts does hypertension mostly affect?
the kidneys, the eyes and the brain
what can atherosclerosis cause?
angina
aneurysm
myocardial infarction
how does hypertension cause blindness?
tiny blood vessels supplying the retina are easily damaged, and if they become blocked or leaked, the retina cells are starved of oxygen and die
why is vitamin K important in the blood clotting process?
vitamin K is important in the production of many of the compounds needed for blood to clot, including prothrombin
