1B CVDs Flashcards

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1
Q

symptoms of heart attack

A

-pain in chest
-pain in left arm
-pain in jaw
-breathlessness

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1
Q

symptoms of stroke
+ 1 treatment

A

-dizziness
-confusion
-blurred vision
-slurred speech
-numbness
-partial loss of vision

-treatment: clot-busting drugs that dissolve blood clot

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2
Q

cardiovascular diseases

A

diseases of the heart and circulatory system, many of which are linked of atherosclerosis

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3
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a condition in which yellow fatty deposits build up on the lining of the arteries, causing them to be narrowed and resulting in many different health problems

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4
Q

plaques

A

yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis

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5
Q

atheroma

A

yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis

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6
Q

aneurysm

A

a weakened, bulging area of artery wall that results form blood collecting behind a blockage caused by plaques

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7
Q

angina

A

a condition in which plaques are deposited on the endothelium of the arteries and reduce the blood flow to the cardiac muscle through the coronary artery; it results in pain during exercise

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8
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the events which take place when atherosclerosis leads to the formation of a clot that blocks the coronary artery entirely and deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, so it dies; it can stop the heart functioning

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9
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen

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10
Q

stent

A

a metal or plastic mesh tube that is inserted into an artery affected by atherosclerosis to hold it open and allow blood to pass through freely

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11
Q

thrombosis

A

a clot that forms in a blood vessel

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12
Q

stroke

A

an event caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply to an area of the brain which may be due to bleeding form damaged capillaries or a blockage cutting off the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blood clot

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13
Q

stages of development of atherosclerosis

A
  1. damage to endothelial cells lining the arteries
  2. inflammatory response (WBC)
  3. accumulation of cholesterol
  4. atheroma
  5. fibrous tissue/ calcium salts
  6. plaque
  7. narrowing of lumen / loss of elasticity of the artery
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14
Q

what factors cause damage to the endothelial lining of arteries?

A
  • high blood pressure
  • substances in tobacco smoke
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15
Q

how can aneurysms be treated?

A

they can be treated by surgery before they burst

16
Q

what happens if an aneurysm bursts?

A

they lead to massive internal bleeding, blood loss and a drop in blood pressure

17
Q

where do aneurysms occur?

A

often occur in the arteries supplying the brain or in the aorta, especially the abdominal aorta

18
Q

what blood pressure value is considered normal?

A

120/80 mmHg

19
Q

what causes hypertension?

A

due to plaques, the lumen of arteries get narrower and the walls become less flexible

20
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure, regularly measuring over 140/90 mmHg, which increases your risk of developing CVDs