1B CVDs

Question 1

symptoms of heart attack

Answer 1

-pain in chest
-pain in left arm
-pain in jaw
-breathlessness

Question 1

symptoms of stroke
+ 1 treatment

Answer 1

-dizziness
-confusion
-blurred vision
-slurred speech
-numbness
-partial loss of vision

-treatment: clot-busting drugs that dissolve blood clot

Question 2

cardiovascular diseases

Answer 2

diseases of the heart and circulatory system, many of which are linked to atherosclerosis

Question 3

atherosclerosis

Answer 3

a condition in which yellow fatty deposits build up on the lining of the arteries, causing them to be narrowed and resulting in many different health problems

Question 4

plaques

Answer 4

yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis

Question 5

atheroma

Answer 5

yellowish fatty deposits that form on the inside of arteries in atherosclerosis

Question 6

aneurysm

Answer 6

a weakened, bulging area of artery wall that results form blood collecting behind a blockage caused by plaques

Question 7

angina

Answer 7

a condition in which plaques are deposited on the endothelium of the arteries and reduce the blood flow to the cardiac muscle through the coronary artery; it results in pain during exercise

Question 8

myocardial infarction

Answer 8

the events which take place when atherosclerosis leads to the formation of a clot that blocks the coronary artery entirely and deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, so it dies; it can stop the heart functioning

Question 9

anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen

Question 10

stent

Answer 10

a metal or plastic mesh tube that is inserted into an artery affected by atherosclerosis to hold it open and allow blood to pass through freely

Question 11

thrombosis

Answer 11

a clot that forms in a blood vessel

Question 12

stroke

Answer 12

an event caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply to an area of the brain which may be due to bleeding form damaged capillaries or a blockage cutting off the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blood clot

Question 13

stages of development of atherosclerosis

Answer 13

1. damage to endothelial cells lining the arteries
2. inflammatory response (WBC)
3. accumulation of cholesterol
4. atheroma
5. fibrous tissue/ calcium salts
6. plaque
7. narrowing of lumen / loss of elasticity of the artery

Question 14

what factors cause damage to the endothelial lining of arteries?

Answer 14

• high blood pressure
• substances in tobacco smoke

Question 15

how can aneurysms be treated?

Answer 15

they can be treated by surgery before they burst

Question 16

what happens if an aneurysm bursts?

Answer 16

they lead to massive internal bleeding, blood loss and a drop in blood pressure

Question 17

where do aneurysms occur?

Answer 17

often occur in the arteries supplying the brain or in the aorta, especially the abdominal aorta

Question 18

what blood pressure value is considered normal?

Answer 18

120/80 mmHg

Question 19

what causes hypertension?

Answer 19

due to plaques, the lumen of arteries get narrower and the walls become less flexible

Question 20

hypertension

Answer 20

high blood pressure, regularly measuring over 140/90 mmHg, which increases your risk of developing CVDs