38-SpeechAndLanguage

Question 1

aphasia

Answer 1

loss of language

Question 2

prosody

Answer 2

fluency, rhythm

Question 3

paraphasia

Answer 3

substitition of incorrect sounds

Question 4

neologism

Answer 4

made up word

Question 5

dysarthria

Answer 5

inability to speak

Question 6

Wada test

Answer 6

test to determine dominant hemisphere
inject anesthetic into internal carotid to anesthetize one half of brain

Question 7

neural correlates of handedness (x3)

Answer 7

• more fibers from left than right at pyramidal decussation
• more fibers from right pyramid do not cross
• more corticospinal fibers project to right ventral horn

Question 8

Speech centers are primarily in [left/right] hemisphere

Answer 8

left (in majority of population)

Question 9

location of broca’s area

Answer 9

left frontal cortex, rostral to premotor and motor cortices

Question 10

function of broca’s area

Answer 10

association area for motor cortical areas that control mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx

Question 11

domage to broca’s area causes ___ aphasia

Answer 11

non-fluent

Question 12

symptoms of non-fluent aphasia (x7)

Answer 12

• speech reduced to only most important words
• agramatical speech
• little spontaneous speech
• poor repetition
• normal comprehension
• patients are aware of problems with speech
• similar problems writing and ASL

Question 13

location of Wernicke’s area

Answer 13

left superior temporal and inferior parietal lobes

Question 14

function of wernicke’s area

Answer 14

auditory association cortex

Question 15

damage to Wernicke’s area causes ___ aphasia

Answer 15

fluent

Question 16

symptoms of fluent aphasia (x8)

Answer 16

• fluent spontaneous speech
• poor comprehension of spoken or written words
• inability to carry out commands
• can’t understand own speech
• frequent parahpasias, can be incomprehensible
• prosidy often normal
• patient can be unaware of errors
• poor repetition
• similar problems with written words

Question 17

function of arcuate fasciculus

Answer 17

connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

Question 18

damage to arcuate fasciculus causes ___ aphasia

Answer 18

conduction

Question 19

symptoms of conduction aphasia (x7)

Answer 19

• fluent speech
• paraphasias
• problems finding words
• patient can be aware of errors
• comprehension very good
• can follow complex instructions
• repetition poor (speaking or writing)