38-SpeechAndLanguage Flashcards
aphasia
loss of language
prosody
fluency, rhythm
paraphasia
substitition of incorrect sounds
neologism
made up word
dysarthria
inability to speak
Wada test
test to determine dominant hemisphere
inject anesthetic into internal carotid to anesthetize one half of brain
neural correlates of handedness (x3)
- more fibers from left than right at pyramidal decussation
- more fibers from right pyramid do not cross
- more corticospinal fibers project to right ventral horn
Speech centers are primarily in [left/right] hemisphere
left (in majority of population)
location of broca’s area
left frontal cortex, rostral to premotor and motor cortices
function of broca’s area
association area for motor cortical areas that control mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx
domage to broca’s area causes ___ aphasia
non-fluent
symptoms of non-fluent aphasia (x7)
- speech reduced to only most important words
- agramatical speech
- little spontaneous speech
- poor repetition
- normal comprehension
- patients are aware of problems with speech
- similar problems writing and ASL
location of Wernicke’s area
left superior temporal and inferior parietal lobes
function of wernicke’s area
auditory association cortex
damage to Wernicke’s area causes ___ aphasia
fluent
symptoms of fluent aphasia (x8)
- fluent spontaneous speech
- poor comprehension of spoken or written words
- inability to carry out commands
- can’t understand own speech
- frequent parahpasias, can be incomprehensible
- prosidy often normal
- patient can be unaware of errors
- poor repetition
- similar problems with written words
function of arcuate fasciculus
connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
damage to arcuate fasciculus causes ___ aphasia
conduction
symptoms of conduction aphasia (x7)
- fluent speech
- paraphasias
- problems finding words
- patient can be aware of errors
- comprehension very good
- can follow complex instructions
- repetition poor (speaking or writing)