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29-AutonomicNS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary functions of autonomic nervous system

A
  • maintain homestasis
  • coordinate bodily functions necessary for survival (eg monitoring food and water, comsumption/retention of fluids, removal of waste products)
  • prepare body for normal and life-threatening stress
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2
Q

Three cell types controlled by autonomic nervous system

A
  • smooth muscle
  • heart muscle
  • glands
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3
Q

Somatic output from the CNS is ___, autonomic output is ___ ([monosynaptic/disynaptic])

A

monosynaptic, disynaptic

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4
Q

Final common pathway of somatic motor neuron is located in [CNS/PNS]

A

CNS

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5
Q

Final common pathway of autonomic motor neuron is located in [CNS/PNS]

A

PNS

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6
Q
A

true, in autonomic ganglion

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7
Q

Two main divisions of autonomic outflow

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

[sympathetic/parasympathetic] coordinates response to stress (fight or flight)

A

sympathetic

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9
Q

[sympathetic/parasympathetic] coordinates vegetative activities (rest/digest)

A

parasympathetic

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10
Q

pre-ganglionic neuron located in [CNS/PNS]

A

CNS

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11
Q

post-ganglionic neuron located in [CNS/PNS]

A

PNS

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12
Q
A

true

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13
Q
A

false, instead there are continuous degradations of output from both

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14
Q

Basic differences in peripheral organization of sympathetic vs parasympathetic divisions (x3)

A
  • location of preganglionic/postganglionic cell bodies
  • relative lengths of pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic axons
  • neurotransmitters and receptors used at end organs
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15
Q

‘Thoraco-lumbar outflow’ refers to [sympathetic/parasympathetic] division

A

sympathetic

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16
Q

‘Cranial sacral outflow’ refers to [sympathetic/parasympathetic] division

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
pre-ganglionic cell bodies located in ___

A

interomediolateral (IML) cell collumn T1-L3

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18
Q

IML

A

interomediolateral

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19
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
post-ganglionic cell bodies located in ___

A

sympathetic ganglia

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20
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Two types of sympathetic ganglia

A
  • paravertebral ganglia (near/along vertebral column, fused into continous sympathetic chain)
  • preverterbral ganglia (short distance from spinal cord, eg cervical, celiac, and mesenteric ganglia)
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21
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
3 possible trajectories for preganglionic axons going to ganglia

A
  • synapse on post-ganglionic cell in paravertebral ganglion at same level
  • travel up/down paravertebral ganglia before synapsing
  • pass through paravertebral ganglia, synapse in prevertebral ganglia
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22
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
3 examples of prevertebral ganglia

A
  • cervical
  • celiac
  • (superior/inferior) mesenteric
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23
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Ganglionic transmission is ___

A

nicotonic cholinergic

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24
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Pre ganglionic neurons release neurotransmitter ___

A

ACH

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25
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Post-ganglionic neurons have ___ receptors

A

nicotinic

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26
Q
A

true

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27
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
End organ transmission (postganglionic axon to organ) is ___

A

catecholaminergic

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28
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Most post-ganglionic axons release neurotransmitter ___

A

NE

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29
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
Target organs contain ___ (x2) receptors

A

alpha and beta adrenergic

30
Q

Sympathetic ANS:
exception to norm: some sympathetic post-ganglionic release ___, such as ___ (x2)

A

ACH, sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle

31
Q

Adrenal [cortex/medulla] is part of sympathetic division

33
Q

Cells in adrenal medulla are innervated by [pre-ganglionic/post-ganglionic] sympathetic axons

A

pre-ganglionic (an exception to the rest of the system)

34
Q

Cells in adrenal medulla secrete ___ into ___

A

catecholamines (90 percent Ep, 10 percent NE), into blood

36
Q

CA

A

catecholamines

37
Q

Two main effects of CA release into blood

A
  • stimulate glycogenolysis and lipolysis (incr blood glucose, incr blood free fatty acids)
  • decrease blood clotting times
38
Q

Two main classes of adrenergic receptors

A
  • alpha receptors
  • beta receptors
39
Q

Alpha receptors order of sensitivity to (Epi,Isoproterenol,NE)

A

NE > Epi&raquo_space; Isoproteronol

40
Q

Beta receptors order of sensitivity to (Epi,Isoproterenol,NE)

A

Iso >= Epi&raquo_space; NE

41
Q

Effect of alpha receptor activation: causes smooth muscle to [contract/relax]

42
Q

Effect of beta receptor activation: causes smooth muscle to [contract/relax]

43
Q

What two main factors determine organ response to sympathetic activation?

A
  • relative amounts of NE and Epi delivered to organ
  • relative numbers of alpha and beta receptors in organ
44
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Two main sources of pre-ganglionic neurons

A
  • cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem (GVEs)
  • sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) at levels S2-S4
45
Q

SPN

A

sacral parasympathetic nucleus

46
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Cranial nerve nuclei (and their corresponding CN) supplying pre-ganglionic neurons (x5)

A
  • edinger westphal (III)
  • superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus (VII)
  • inferior salivatory nucleus (IX)
  • dorsal motor vagus (X)
  • nucleus ambiguus (X)
47
Q

SPN of parasympathetic is in a similar location in the ___ cord as ___ of sympathetic is in ___ cord

A

sacral, IML, thoracic

48
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Peripheral ganglia (x4)

A
  • ciliary (pupillary constrictor and ciliary muscles)
  • pterygopalatine (lacrimal glands, palatal, pharyngeal, nasal mucous glands)
  • submandibular (submandibular, sublingual, oral mucous glands)
  • otic (parotid glands, oral mucous, glands)
49
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Systems that terminal ganglia terminate in (x5)

A
  • respiratory system
  • circulatory system
  • digestive system
  • urinary system
  • reproductive system
50
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in Edinger Westphal nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___

A

CN III, ciliary ganglion, eye

51
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___

A

CN VII
Pre-ganglionic to pterygopalatine, submandibular ganglia
Post-ganglionic to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands

52
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in inferior salivatory nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___

A

CN IX (or lesser petrosal nerve??)
pre-ganglionic to otic ganglion
post-ganglionic to parotid gland

53
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in dorsal motor nucleus and nucl. ambiguus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___

A

CN X
ganglia located on walls of individual target organs
post-ganglionic to heart, stomach, esophagus, intestines, etc.

54
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Ganglionic transmission is ___

A

nicotinic cholinergic

55
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Pre-ganglionic neurons release ___

56
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Post-ganglionic cells have ___ receptors for ___

A

nicotonic, ACH

58
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
End organ transmission is ___

A

muscarinic cholinergic

59
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Most post-ganglionic axons release ___

60
Q

Parasympathetic ANS:
Target organs contain ___ receptors

A

muscarinic

61
Q
A

false, is not autonomic outflow

63
Q

Enteric ANS:
Estimated number of cells

65
Q

Enteric ANS:
Main functions (x4)

A

gut motility, digestion, absorption, and secretion

66
Q

Enteric ANS:
Two neural plexuses within wall of gut

A
  • myenteric plexus
  • submucosal plexus
67
Q

Enteric ANS:
Functions of myenteric plexus

A
  • motor neurons that control contractions of smooth muscle
  • also many sensory neurons and interneurons
68
Q

Enteric ANS:
Function of submucosal plexus

A

regulates secretory activity of mucosa

70
Q

Parasympathetic division [incr./decr.] gut motility by innervating ___

A

increases, excitatory motorneurons in gut

71
Q

Sympathetic division [incr./decr.] gut motility by innervating ___

A

decreases, mostly inhibitory interneurons (and some motorneurons)

Nsci (18 decks)

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