20,21-Motor1,2 Flashcards
Voluntary motor control requires at least 3 operations:
- Select action (decision)
- Compute desired trajectory (sensorimotor coordinate transformation)
- Compute muscle forces/joint torques requires to achieve desired trajectory
Dynamics
muscle forces
Kinematics
desired trajectory
Sensorimotor transformation
convert spatial information from sensory to motor coordinates
Motor planning
compute desired trajectory (kinematics)
Inverse dynamics problem
given desired trajectory, compute muscle forces and joint torques (dynamics) necessary to achieve trajectory
true
Bell-shaped velocity profile is controlled by
central pattern generators, not brain
CPGs
central pattern generators
Component of the motor system that acts as a ‘trainable gate’
basal ganglia
Component of the motor system that supplies voluntary motor commands
cerebral cortex (primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor)
M1 neurons principally use [kinematic/dynamic] encodings
kinematic, but not purely
Corticospinal neurons terminate / originate in the brain at (x5)
- motor
- premotor
- cingulate
- supplementary motor
- somatosensory
Corticospinal neurons originate / terminate in the spinal cord at (x2)
- ventral horn (motor cortical areas)
- dorsal horn (somatosensory areas)
Each muscle fiber is innervated by ___ motor neuron(s)
one
Each motor neuron innervates ___ muscle fiber(s)
10-1000
Motor unit
muscle fibers innervated by one motor neuron