38 Hypoglycemia Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma glucose conentration that is unequivocally low

A

<55 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)

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2
Q

Brain constitutes more than ___% of basal metabolic rate

A

25%

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3
Q

Brain constitutes more than ___% of whole-body glucose utilization

A

50%

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4
Q

Physiologic postabsorptive plasma glucose

A

90 (70-110) mg/dL or 5.0 (3.9-6.1) mmol/L

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5
Q

In the postabsorptive steady state, rates of glucose production and utlization average apprimately:

A

2.2 (1.8-2.6) mg/kg/min or 12 (10-14 umol/kg/min)

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6
Q

Amount of glucose pool

A

15-20 g or 83-110 mmol

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7
Q

Amount of glycogen in the body

A

70 (25-130) g or 390 (135-722 mmol)

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8
Q

Gluconeogenesis becomes the sole source of glucose production after prolonged fasting to __ hours

A

24-48 hours

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9
Q

Glycemic threshold: Decreased insulin

A

80-85 mg/dL (4.4-4.7 mmol/L)

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10
Q

Glycemic threshold:
Increased glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone

A

65-70 mg/dL (3.6-6.9 mmol/L)

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11
Q

Glycemic threshold:
Symptoms

A

50-55 mg/dL (2.8-3.1 mmol/L)

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12
Q

Glycemic threshold:
Decreased cognition, brain glucose metabolism

A

<50 mg/dL (<2.8 mmol/L)

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13
Q

Primary signal for decrease in insulin secretion

A

Declining glucose levels at beta cells

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14
Q

Primary signal for increase in glucagon secretion

A

Decrease in intraislet insulin

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15
Q

Plasma glucose concentrations decline after birth and reach a nadir at:

A

First 2 hours of life

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16
Q

Procedure of choice for confirming noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome or post-gastric bypass hypoglycemia

A

Selective pancreatic arterial calcium injections

17
Q

Exercise-related HAAF occurs how many hours after strenuous exercise

A

6-15 hours

18
Q

Risk factors (3) for HAAF

A

Absolute endogenous insulin deficiency
History of severe iatrogenic hypoglycemia, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, or both, and recent antecedent hypoglycemia, prior exercise, or sleep
Aggressive glycemic therapy per se

19
Q

Medications (6) with moderate quality evidence reported to cause hypoglycemia

A

Cibenzoline
Gatifloxacin
Pentamidine
Quinine
Indomethacin
Glucagon (during endoscopy)