38 Hypoglycemia Flashcards
Plasma glucose conentration that is unequivocally low
<55 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)
Brain constitutes more than ___% of basal metabolic rate
25%
Brain constitutes more than ___% of whole-body glucose utilization
50%
Physiologic postabsorptive plasma glucose
90 (70-110) mg/dL or 5.0 (3.9-6.1) mmol/L
In the postabsorptive steady state, rates of glucose production and utlization average apprimately:
2.2 (1.8-2.6) mg/kg/min or 12 (10-14 umol/kg/min)
Amount of glucose pool
15-20 g or 83-110 mmol
Amount of glycogen in the body
70 (25-130) g or 390 (135-722 mmol)
Gluconeogenesis becomes the sole source of glucose production after prolonged fasting to __ hours
24-48 hours
Glycemic threshold: Decreased insulin
80-85 mg/dL (4.4-4.7 mmol/L)
Glycemic threshold:
Increased glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone
65-70 mg/dL (3.6-6.9 mmol/L)
Glycemic threshold:
Symptoms
50-55 mg/dL (2.8-3.1 mmol/L)
Glycemic threshold:
Decreased cognition, brain glucose metabolism
<50 mg/dL (<2.8 mmol/L)
Primary signal for decrease in insulin secretion
Declining glucose levels at beta cells
Primary signal for increase in glucagon secretion
Decrease in intraislet insulin
Plasma glucose concentrations decline after birth and reach a nadir at:
First 2 hours of life
Procedure of choice for confirming noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome or post-gastric bypass hypoglycemia
Selective pancreatic arterial calcium injections
Exercise-related HAAF occurs how many hours after strenuous exercise
6-15 hours
Risk factors (3) for HAAF
Absolute endogenous insulin deficiency
History of severe iatrogenic hypoglycemia, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, or both, and recent antecedent hypoglycemia, prior exercise, or sleep
Aggressive glycemic therapy per se
Medications (6) with moderate quality evidence reported to cause hypoglycemia
Cibenzoline
Gatifloxacin
Pentamidine
Quinine
Indomethacin
Glucagon (during endoscopy)
