34 Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Primary site for de novo lipogenesis
Liver
Primary storage for triglycerides
Adipose tissue
Main effects of insulin signaling in the muscle (3)
Glucose uptake/metabolism
Protein synthesis/growth
Suppression of atrophy/autophagy
Main effects of insulin signaling in adipose tissue (4)
Glucose uptake
Lipogenesis
Gene regulation
Suppression of lipolysis
Main effects of insulin signaling in the liver (2)
Lipogenesis
Suppression of glucose production
Predominant glucose transporters in the brain (2)
Glut1 and Glut3
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
More lipolytically active
Abdominal fat
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
Greater complement of adrenergic receptors
Abdominal fat
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
Resistant to antilipolytic effects of insulin
Abdominal fat
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
Releases more adiponectin
Subcutaneous fat
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
High levels of HSD11B1
Abdominal fat
Abdominal fat vs subcutaneous fat:
Increased local cortisol production
Abdominal fat
Predominant insulin receptor isoform in the brain
IR-A
Primary site of glucose disposal after a meal
Skeletal muscle
Maternal insulin secretion increases by how much in pregancy
250%
Mechanism as to how calcineurin inhibitor contributes to diabetes
Decreased insulin secretion
Most common adverse effect of bromocriptine use in diabetes
Nausea
Onset of action of rapid acting insulins
<5 mins: Aspart (Fiasp)
10-20 mins: Aspart (Novolog), Lispro (Humalog), Glulisine (Apidra)