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WSET 3 > 37 - Argentina > Flashcards

37 - Argentina Flashcards

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1
Q

2 grapes producing Argentina’s signature wines

A

Malbec
Torrontés

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2
Q

most of Argentina’s vy lie

A
  • close to the Andes, in a series of irrigated oases in what is otherwise desert
  • spread over more than 1500 km from the province of Salta in the north to Rio Negro & Neuquén in Patagonia
  • 600m or more above sea level (except those in Rio Negro & Neuquén)
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3
Q

hight of vy in Salta

A

regularly extend to 2000m or more

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4
Q

vine training in Argentina

A

Historically
- because of the heat, most vy were planted in the pergola system, known locally as parral
- this lifted the grapes away from the searing heat close to the ground
- with grapes hanging down below the leaf canopy, provided some shade from the intense sunshine
- still commonly used for the Torrontés grape

Now
- many vy growing black grape varieties are planted with vertical trellises
- the canopies still need to be arranged so that grapes are shaded from the intense sunshine

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5
Q

what is parral

A
  • pergola system used in Argentina
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6
Q

rain & water in Argentina

A
  • rain shadow of the Andes
  • rainfall is extremely low
  • water can be drawn from rivers flowing down from the mountains or from subterranean aquifers
  • flood irrigation was widespread
  • drip irrigation is more common in newer vy (uses scarce water more efficiently)
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7
Q

hazards in Argentina

A
  • extremely low rainfall
    –> flood irrigation or drip irrigation
  • spring frost
    –> occasional problem
  • summer hail
    –> regular hazard, particularly in Mendoza
    –> netting, vy in several diff. areas
  • few problems with rot or mildew (dry climate)
    –> important producer of wines made from organically grown grapes
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8
Q

grape varieties in Argentina
(9+7)

A

Black
1. Malbec
2. Bonarda
3. CS
4. Syrah
5. Merlot
6. Tempranillo
7. PN
8. Cabernet Franc
9. Petit Verdot

White
1. Torrontés
2. Chardonnay
3. Chenin Blanc
4. SB
5. Semillon
6. Viognier
7. Pedro Gimenez

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9
Q

Argentinas’s flagship variety

A

Malbec

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10
Q

country with the largest plantings of Malbec

A

Argentina

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11
Q

Malbec in Argentina
- char./style
- maturation
- regional differences
- sv/blend

A
  • deeply coloured
  • full-bodied
  • notes of black fruit
  • often high levels of smooth tannins

A number of winemakers are now
- extracting more gently in the winery to create more elegant styles

Most high-quality Malbecs
- are matured in new oak –> subtle spicy flavours

Regional differences
- lower altitudes: fuller-bodied with richer black fruit
- higher altitude vy: more elegant, fresher, more floral aromas

Sv/blend
- mostly produced as a varietal
- also plays a leading role in some premium blends, generally with CS, Merlot, CF and/or PV

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12
Q

second most planted variety in Argentina

A

Bonarda

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13
Q

Bonarda in Argentina

A
  • second most planted
  • late ripening
  • deeply coloured
  • high acidity & tannin
  • high yields: easy-drinking wines with medium to deep colour & fruity raspberry & blackberry aromas
  • controlled yields & fully ripe fruit: greater concentration & structure
  • mainly grown in Mendoza & San Juan
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14
Q

5 international red varieties grown in Argentina

A

Widely planted
1. CS
2. Syrah
3. Merlot

Smaller volumes of
4. Tempranillo
5. PN

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15
Q

char. of premium wines from international varieties in Argentina

A

concentrated ripe fruit flavours, usually with toasty notes from oak

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16
Q

Argentina’s white signature variety

A

Torrontés

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17
Q

Torrontés is widely planted in … (4)

A
  1. Salta
  2. La Rioja
  3. San Juan
  4. Mendoza
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18
Q
  1. many of the best examples of Torrontés comes from …
  2. char.
A
  1. high-altitude vineyards in the Cafayate region of Salta Province
  2. intense fruity, floral perfume, medium body & acidity & flavours of stone fruits & melon
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19
Q

production method of Torrontés

A

usually fermented in inert, temperature-controlled vessels & released from the winery in the year of harvest

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20
Q

is Torrontés an aromatic grape?

A

yes

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21
Q

Chardonnay in Argentina

A
  • widely planted
  • made in a range of styles
  • premium: matured in oak barrels, a proportion new
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22
Q

grape used in cheap wines for the domestic market of Argentina

A

Pedro Gimenez

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23
Q

white variety with the greatest plantings in Argentina

A

Pedro Gimenez

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24
Q

GI system in Argentina

A
  1. 3 broad regions (ie Patagonia)
  2. provinces (ie Salta, La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Neuquén)
  3. more specific departments (Luján de Cuyo, Maipú, Tupungato, San Rafael)
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25
Q

where is Salta Province

A
  • close to the border of Bolivia
  • most northerly of the vy areas in Argentina
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26
Q
  1. climatic influence in the Salta Province
  2. effect on wines
A
  1. some of the highest vy in the world (some >3000m)
  2. great purity & concentration
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27
Q

the dominant grape of Salta Province

A

Torrontés

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28
Q

Torrontés in Salta Province

A
  • the dominant grape
  • highly aromatic wines
  • especially in the Cafayate region
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29
Q

where is Cafayate region

A
  • in Salta Province in Argentina
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30
Q

many of the large wineries based in Mendoza & some major European wine companies have invested in this region for its superiour quality of ….
1. region
2. grape

A
  1. Cafayate, Salta, Argentina
  2. Torrontés
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31
Q

dominant black varieties planted in Cafayate

A

Malbec & CS

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32
Q

the third largest area of production in Argentina

A

La Rioja

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33
Q

main vineyard area in La Rioja Province

A

Famatina Valley

34
Q

Famatina Valley
1. where
2. vy

A
  1. La Rioja Province, Argentina
  2. irrigated valley floors
35
Q

grapes in La Rioja Province
1. speciality
2. most planted black varieties

A
  1. Torrontés
  2. CS, Syrah, Bonarda
36
Q

to avoid confusion with the Rioja region in Spain, the exported wines of La Rioja Province in Argentina are generally labelled as ….

A

Famatina

37
Q

Argentina’s second most important wine area

A

San Juan Province

38
Q

hight of vy in San Juan Province

A

450-1400m

39
Q

San Juan Province is particularly noted for

A

the quality of its Syrah

40
Q

grapes in San Juan Province

A
  1. Syrah
  2. Malbec
  3. CS
  4. Bonarda
  5. Chardonnay
  6. Viognier
41
Q

most planted white varieties in San Juan Province

A

Chardonnay & Viognier

42
Q

which province in Argentina dominates winemaking

A

Mendoza

43
Q

the vast majority of wine produced in Argentina come from

A

Mendoza Province

44
Q

geography & infl. in Mendoza Province

A
  • desert conditions
  • protected from rain in the west by the huge Andes Mountains & from the east by the vastness of the Argentine Pampas
45
Q

Mendoza can be split broadly into

A

5 divisions
1. Northern
2. Eastern
3. Central
4. Uco Valley
5. Southern

46
Q

Mendoza’s 5 divisions
The grapes or wines from these different divisions are … to take advantage of …

A

often blended
fruit from different climates

47
Q

divisions which focus on high-volume, inexpensive wine in Mendoza

A

Northern & Eastern Mendoza

48
Q

Northern & Eastern Mendoza focus on

A

high-volume, inexpensive wine

49
Q

irrigation in Northern & Eastern Mendoza

A

The Mendoza river

50
Q

division in Mendoza with the longest history of producing high-quality wines & some of the most famous producers

A

Central Mendoza

51
Q

Central Mendoza has … & … are based here

A
  • has the longest history of producing high-quality wines
  • many of the most famous producers are based here
52
Q

department in Mendoza which in particular has a reputation for producing very fine Malbec

A

Luján de Cuyo, Central Mendoza

53
Q

Luján de Cuyo has a reputation for

A
  • producing very fine Malbec
  • old Malbec vines
  • soft, round & sweet spice in Malbec blends
54
Q

hight of vy of Luján de Cuyo

A

900-1100m

55
Q

where is Luján de Cuyo

A
  • Central Mendoza, Argentina
  • 900-1100m
  • in the foothills of the Andes
  • south-west of Mendoza city
56
Q

where is Maipú

A
  • Central Mendoza, Argentina
  • east of Luján de Cuyo, at lower altitudes
57
Q

grapes in Maipú

A
  • Syrah & CS perform particularly well here
  • old vine Bonarda & Tempranillo
58
Q

the eastern, lower part of Maipú provides

A
  • much of the high volume, inexpensive wine for both domestic & export markets
  • a valuable source of old vine Bonarda & Tempranillo
59
Q

where is Uco Valley

A
  • Mendoza Province, Argentina
  • to the south-west of Mendoza
  • 900-1500m
60
Q

hight of vy in Uco Valley

A

900-1500m

61
Q

highest vy in Mendoza

A
  • Uco Valley
  • 900-1500m
62
Q

Uco Valley is a source of

A

high-quality fruit

63
Q

help to retain acidity & fresh fruit flavours in the grapes & the wines sometimes display floral notes in Uco Valley

A

cool nights

64
Q

cool nights in Uco Valley

A
  • help to retain acidity & fresh fruit flavours in the grapes & the wines sometimes display floral notes
65
Q

grapes in Uco Valley (8)

A

Flourish here
1. Chardonnay
2. Torrontés
3. SB
4. Malbec
5. CS
6. Merlot
7. Tempranillo

Some sites are cool enough to grow
8. PN

66
Q

1 department in Uco Valley

A

Tupungato (to the west, high altitude)

67
Q

1 department in Southern Mendoza

A

San Rafael

68
Q

where is San Rafael

A

department in Southern Mendoza, Argentina

69
Q

infl. in San Rafael

A
  • low altitude compared to much of Mendoza
  • southerly location makes it one of the coolest areas in the province
70
Q

Argentina’s most significant plantings of Chenin Blanc

A

San Rafael department, Southern Mendoza, Mendoza Province, Argentina

71
Q

2 provinces in Patagonia Region

A
  1. Rio Negro Province
  2. Neuquén Province
72
Q

where is Patagonia

A
  • south in Argentina
73
Q

where is Rio Negro

A

province in Patagonia Region, Argentina

74
Q

where is Neuquén

A

province in Patagonia Region, Argentina

75
Q

hight of vy in Rio Negro Province

A

200-250m

76
Q

cooling influence in Rio Negro

A

latitude (not altitude)

77
Q

infl. & challenges in Rio Negro

A
  • latitude as cooling influence
  • strong desert winds –> challenge
  • low rainfall, wide diurnal range –> low incidence of disease
  • long daylight hours & cool nights –> concentrated but fresh fruit flavours, medium to high acidity
78
Q

long daylight hours & cool nights in Rio Negro gives wine with …

A

concentrated but fresh fruit flavours, medium to high acidity

79
Q

grapes in Rio Negro

A
  1. SB
  2. PN
  3. Malbec
  4. Merlot
80
Q

the full potential of Neuquén is …

A

still being explored

WSET 3 (45 decks)

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