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WSET 3 > 28 - Central Italy > Flashcards

28 - Central Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

Regions in Central Italy covered in WSET3 (5)

A
  1. Tuscany
  2. Umbria
  3. Lazio
  4. Marche
  5. Abruzzo
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2
Q

Mountains in Central Italy (run the length of the Italian Peninsula)

A

Apennine Mountains

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3
Q

where are the Apennine Mountains?

A

Mountains in Central Italy (run the length of the Italian Peninsula)

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4
Q

moderating influences in Central Italy

A
  • altitude (Apennine Mountains)
  • cooling sea breezes
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5
Q

where is Tuscany located?

A

stretches down the western coast of central Italy

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6
Q

Tuscany can be divided roughly into 3 parts

A
  1. the mountainous Chianti region in the north
  2. the hills & valleys to the south
  3. the flat coastal plain
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7
Q

3 parts of Tuscany & IGT/DOC/DOCGs
5’+4+3

A
  1. the mountainous Chianti region in the north
    - Chianti DOCG
    - Chianti Rufina DOCG
    - Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG
    - Chianti Classico DOCG
    - Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG
    - Gran Selezione
  2. the hills & valleys to the south
    - Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
    - Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
    - Rosso di Montalcino
    - Rosso di Montepulciano DOC
  3. the flat coastal plain
    - Toscana IGT
    - Bolgheri DOC
    - Maremma Toscana DOC
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8
Q

dominant & most prestigious grape in Tuscany

A

Sangiovese

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9
Q

Sangiovese in Tuscany
(grape, char., prod.)

A
  • late to ripen
  • needs a warm climate
  • high acidity & tannin
  • aromas of red cherries, plums & dried herbs
  • usually aged for a period of time in oak to soften the tannins & sometimes add spicy flavours
  • both small barrels & larger casks can be used
  • bottle age: develop meaty & gamey aromas
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10
Q

red or white wine in Tuscany?

A
  • red wines predominate
  • some white wines are also made throughout the region
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11
Q

location of Chianti

A
  • Central Italia
  • in the foothills of the Apennines
  • between the cities of Pisa, Florence & Siena
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12
Q

between the cities of Pisa, Florence & Siena

A

Chianti

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13
Q

number of sub-zones in Chianti

A

7

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14
Q

sv or blend of Chianti?

A

Sangiovese is the dominant grape, but the wines are often blends with small amounts of other black grapes (of both French & Italian origin)

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15
Q
  1. producers of large volumes of Chianti will source their grapes from …
  2. and use … on the label
A
  1. the greater region
  2. Chianti DOCG
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16
Q
  1. higher quality Chianti DOCG wines may be made from the grapes from…
  2. on the wine label: …
A
  1. a particular sub-zone
  2. the name of the sub-zone can appear on the label
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17
Q

2 sub-zones in Chianti that are particularly well known for the quality of their wines

A
  1. Chianti Rufina DOCG
  2. Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG
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18
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG
(vs Chianti DOCG, vy, char., ageing)

A

Chianti Classico DOCG
- has its own DOCG
- is NOT a sub-zone of Chianti DOCG
- its vy are at higher altitudes than those of Chianti DOCG
–> slowing the ripening
–> wines with greater acidity & more herbal aromas
- must be aged for 12 months before release

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19
Q

Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG
ageing

A
  • must be aged for 24 months of which at least 3 months must e spent on bottle ageing
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20
Q

Chianti Classico

what is Gran Selezione?
(def., grapes, ageing)

A
  • the highest designation for Chianti Classico wines
  • the grapes must be sourced from a single estate
  • must be aged for 30 months (6 months longer than Riserva)
  • no stipulations concerning oak ageing
  • in practice the vast majority of wines are matured in oak for at least part of their time before release
21
Q

the vy of Southern Tuscany

A
  • lower altitudes than those in the north
  • warmer climate
  • cool maritime breezes from the south-west can moderate the temperatures
22
Q

the best known appellations in Southern Tuscany

A

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

23
Q
  1. compare the wines of southern Tuscany with the wines from Chianti
  2. due to
A
  1. more intense & fuller-bodied
  2. the climate
    (warmer with cool maritime breezes from the south west)
24
Q

Brunello di Montalcino
(grape, ageing)

A

must
- be made entirely from Sangiovese
- undergo a minimum ageing of 5 years before sale
- 2 of the years in oak

25
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
(grape, ageing)

A
  • can be a blend of Sangiovese with other permitted varieties
  • must be aged for a minimum of 2 years before sold
26
Q
  1. producers from both Brunello di Montalcino & Vino Nobile di Montepulciano can declassify their wines to … as necessary
  2. examples of reasons for declas.
A
  1. Rosso di Montalcino DOC, Rosso di Montepulciano DOC
  2. poor vintage, very young vines
27
Q

the coast of Tuscany
(geography, infl., grapes)

A
  • relatively flat coastal region
  • cooled by sea breezes rather than altitude
  • black Bx-varieties & a number of international grapes are widely planted here
28
Q

what is a Super-Tuscan

A
  • the original wine was made from CS & sold for a premium price despite not being eligible for PDO status
  • a turning point for the international image of Italian wines as they re-established Italy’s reputation for excellence
29
Q

appellations on the coast of Tuscany

A
  • Toscana IGT
  • Bolgheri DOC
  • Maremma Toscana DOC
30
Q
  1. appellations in Tuscany that permit wines to be made entirely from non-Italian varieties
  2. grapes
A
  1. Bolgheri DOC & Maremma Toscana DOC
  2. ie. CS, Merlot, Syrah
31
Q

climate in Umbria

A
  • similar to Tuscany’s
  • more continental without any influence from the Mediterranean
32
Q

white wine of Umbria
(appellation, grapes, char., prod.met.)

A
  • Orvieto DOC
  • blend of Grechetto, Trebbiano and, often, a few other local grapes
  • light in body
  • medium to high acidity
  • flavours of ripe grapefruit & peaches
  • best: tend to be those with the most Grechetto in the blend
  • made protectively & undergo cool fermentation in ss
33
Q

Umbria’s most prestigious red wine
(appellation, grape)

A
  • Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG
  • thick skinned Sagrantino grape
34
Q

region south of Tuscany

A

Lazio

35
Q

where is Lazio

A
  • Central Italy
  • south of Tuscany
36
Q

best known wine in Lazio
1. appellation
2. where
3. infl.
4. grapes
5. style
6. char.

A
  1. Frascati DOC
  2. in the hills to the south of Rome
  3. vy cooled by both altitude & a number of small nearby lakes –> perfect conditions for white grapes
  4. blends of Malvasia & Trebbiano
  5. usually made in a fresh, unoaked style
  6. char:
    - medium in body
    - medium to high acidity
    - flavours of citrus fruit, sometimes with the Malvasia providing floral, orange blossom aromas
37
Q

where is Marche located

A
  • Central Italy
  • on the eastern side of the Apennines
38
Q

what wines are Marche best known for
(colour, grape)

A

its white wines made from the Verdicchio grape

39
Q

most famous appellation in Marche

A

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC

40
Q

char. of Verdicchio

A
  • naturally high in acidity
  • flavours of green apples, lemons & sometimes displays notes of fennel & almonds
  • many simple & fruity
  • best: greater concentration & dan develop notes of honey & almonds with bottle age
41
Q

red wines of Marche

A
  • blends of Montepulciano & Sangiovese
  • best known: Conero DOCG
42
Q

where is Abruzzo?

A
  • in Central Italy
  • below Marche
43
Q

what is Abruzzo famous for?

A

its black variety Montepulciano

44
Q

appellation in Abruzzo

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

45
Q

Montepulciano grape & wine

A
  • high levels of colour & tannins
  • medium acidity
  • flavours of black plums & cherries
  • many simple & fruity, made without any oak ageing
  • the most concentrated examples are often matured for a short time in oak
46
Q

where is Orvieto and what wines are made there?

A
  • Central Italy, Umbria
  • Orvieto DOC
  • white blends of Grechetto, Trebbiano & other local grapes
47
Q

where is Conero and what wines are made there?

A
  • Central Italy, Marche
  • Conero DOCG
  • red blends of Montepulciano & Sangiovese
48
Q

where is Frascati and what wines are made there?

A
  • Central Italy, Lazio
  • Frascati DOC
  • white blends of Malvasia & Trebbiano
49
Q

where are these appellations located and what grapes/wine are made?
1. Orvieto DOC
2. Frascati DOC
3. Conero DOCG

A

Central Italy
1. Umbria. White blend of Grechetto, Trebbiano & local grapes
2. Lazio. White blends of Malvasia & Trebbiano
3. Marche. Red blends of Montepulciano & Sangiovese

WSET 3 (45 decks)

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