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30 - Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

3 broad climatic zones in Spain

A
  1. the north & north-west coast of Spain:
    - Moderate Maritime
    - dominated by Atlantic weather systems
    - high rainfall
  2. the east coast from Catalunya in the north to the Levante further south:
    - Warm Mediterranean
    - moderated by sea or altitude, depending on location
    - increasingly hot further south
  3. the Mesata Central, a large plateau in the centre of Spain
    - Hot Continental
    - mostly cut off from the influence of the sea by encircling mountains
    - winter: temp. fall below freezing
    - summer: temp. are very high & rainfall is very limited
    - summer temp. can be moderated by the cool nights of high altitude sites
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2
Q
  1. biggest challenges to grape growing in Spain
  2. any exceptions?
A
  1. lack of water
  2. north-west Spain
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3
Q

training in Spain to maximise the amount of water available & shading the fruit from excessive heat

A
  • low density
  • bush-trained
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4
Q

why low density planting & bush-trained in Spain

A

to maximise the amount of water available & shading the fruit from excessive heat

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5
Q

why is wire training is slowly being introduced in Spain where it is practical & affordable

A

to facilitate machine harvesting

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6
Q

to facilitate machine harvesting, what training is introduced in Spain?

A

wire training

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7
Q

range of red wine styles in Spain from … to …

A

inexpensive
- made without oak
- semi-carbonic maceration

best
- almost always oak maturation, usually with at least a proportion of new oak
- trad. American oak - now French oak is also common

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8
Q

Black grapes most used in Spain
(6)

A
  1. Tempranillo
  2. Garnacha Tinta
  3. Monastrell
  4. Graciano
  5. Cariñena/Mazuelo
  6. Mencia
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9
Q

Spain’s premier black grape variety

A

Tempranillo

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10
Q

where is Tempranillo widely grown in Spain

A

throughout the vy of northern & central Spain

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11
Q

Tempranillo (grape)

A
  • thick-skinned
  • medium acidity
  • needs sufficient warmth to develop its flavours
  • hot climates without a high diurnal temp. range could cause the wine to lack the necessary acidity for an ideal balance
  • best in areas where summer temp. are moderated by the sea and/or altitude
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12
Q

prod.method for Tempranillo in Spain

A
  • often semi-carbonic maceration –> fresh strawberry scented Joven wine, early drinking style
  • also plays a key role in more concentrated ageworthy oaked blends either with the traditional varieties Garnacha, Graciano & Cariñena/Mazuelo or international varieties such as CS
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13
Q

Garnacha Tinta in Spain

A
  • high alcohol
  • tendency to mature early (notable exceptions)
  • widely used for rosados
  • also important in Priorat
    (low-yielding old vines –> intense, complex, full-bodied reds)
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14
Q

Monastrell in Spain
(grape & wine)

A
  • Mourvèdre
  • thick-skinned
  • drought tolerant
  • needs hot, sunny conditions to ripen
  • grown in south-eastern DOs such as Yecla & Jumilla

fully ripe:
- deeply coloured
- full-bodied
- high tannin & alcohol
- low-med acidity
- flavours of ripe blackberry fruit

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15
Q

Graciano in Spain

A
  • highly valued
  • challenging to grow
  • cultivated mainly in Rioja (part of the blend in many of the finest wines)

small quantities are used to add
- concentrated black fruit aromas
- acidity & tannins to the structure of a wine
- to help it age

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16
Q

name for Cariñena in Rioja

A

Mazuelo

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17
Q

2 Spanish names for Carignan

A
  1. Cariñena
  2. Mazuelo
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18
Q

Cariñena/Mazuelo in Spain

A
  • high acidity, tannin & colour
  • a small proportion makes an ideal blend with Tempranillo
  • also grown in Priorat, where it is blended with Garnacha to enhance the tannic structure of the wines
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19
Q

Mencia in Spain

A
  • local variety
  • increasingly coming to prominence
  • suits moderate climates
  • fresh fruit
  • medium-high acidity
  • sometimes hint of herbaceousness
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20
Q

key white varieties of Spain (7)

A
  1. Verdejo
  2. Sauvignon Blanc
  3. Albariño
  4. Airén
  5. Parellada
  6. Xarel-lo
  7. Macabeo/Viura
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21
Q

most of Spain’s white wines are …

A

fresh & fruity

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22
Q

what help retain delicate fruit aromas in white wine in Spain?

A
  • harvesting at night or early morning
  • fermenting in temp.contr. ss vessels
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23
Q

production methods for white wine in Spain

A
  • fermenting in temp.contr. ss vessels
  • some use oak fermentation & maturation
  • some use lees stirring to add texture & different flavours
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24
Q

Verdejo in Spain

A
  • white
  • highly susceptible to oxication
  • was used to make Sherry-like wines

with protective winemaking:
- light-bodied
- high-acid
- melon & peach flavoured
- similar in style to SB, with which it is often blended

can also be made in a
- richer
- fuller-bodied style
- undergone skin contact & barrel fermentation

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25
Q

Albariño in Spain

A
  • grown in the north-west
  • has become a particularly fashionable grape variety
  • thick-skinned –> able to resist fungal disease
  • naturally high in acidity
  • can produce refreshing wines with citrus & stone fruit flavours
  • can also be made in a richer, fuller-bodied style
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26
Q

the most widely planted grape variety in Spain

A

Airén

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27
Q

the vast majority of Airén is planted in

A

La Mancha in central Spain

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28
Q

one of the few varieties that is able to cope with the extreme heat & drought conditions of the Meseta Central (white)

A

Airén

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29
Q

wines made of Airén

A
  • acceptable dry white wine
  • much of the output continues to be used in the production of Brandy de Jerez
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30
Q

3 grapes widely planted in Catalunya

A
  1. Parellada
  2. Xarel-lo
  3. Macabeo
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31
Q

main varieties used in Cava production

A
  1. Parellada
  2. Xarel-lo
  3. Macabeo
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32
Q

name for Macabeo in Rioja

A

Viura

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33
Q

Viura in Rioja

A
  • can be made in an unoaked style with subtle herb & spice aromas
  • traditionally it was the mainstay of heavily oaked white Riojas
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34
Q

international varieties grown in Spain (4)

A
  1. CS
  2. Merlot
  3. SB
  4. Chardonnay
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35
Q

the principal DO regions of Spain may be grouped together into … geographical regions, based on …
1. …
2. …
…

A
  • 6
  • climate & grape varieties
  1. the Upper Ebro
  2. Catalunya
  3. the Duero Valley
  4. the North West
  5. the Levante
  6. Castilla-La Mancha
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36
Q

the most extensive region designated for the production of Vino de la Tierra in Spain

A

Castilla y León

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37
Q

where is Castilla y León located?

A

towards the north of the Meseta Central

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38
Q

Regions & DO/DOCa in Spain
(6 regions, 4+3+3+2+3+2)

A
  1. the Upper Ebro
    - Rioja
    - Navarra
    - Cariñena
    - Calatayud
  2. Catalunya
    - Catalunya
    - Penedès
    - Priorat
  3. the Duero Valley
    - Ribera del Duero
    - Toro
    - Rueda
  4. the North West
    - Rias Baixas
    - Bierzo
  5. the Levante
    - Valencia
    - Jumilla
    - Yecla
  6. Castilla-La Mancha
    - La Mancha
    - Valdepeñas
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39
Q

regions/DO’s in the Upper Ebro (4)

A
  1. Rioja
  2. Navarra DO
  3. Cariñena DO
  4. Calatayud DO
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40
Q

Rioja is split into … distinct sub-regions, centred around the region’s principal city, …
1. …
2. …

A
  • 3
  • Logroño
  1. Rioja Alavesa
  2. Rioja Alta
  3. Rioja Baja
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41
Q
  1. where is Rioja Alavesa (3 geographical points)
  2. vy hight
  3. climate moderated by
  4. wines
A
  1. situated
    - to the west of Logroño
    - on the north bank of the Ebro
    - in the foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains
  2. 500-800m
  3. the Atlantic Ocean, although the C.M. shield Rioja from the worst of the Atlantic weather
  4. perhaps the lightest of Rioja, & often have the most finesse
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42
Q
  1. where is Rioja Alta
  2. vy moh
  3. climate moderated by
A
  1. situated
    - to the west of Logroño
    - mainly to the south of the Ebro
  2. 500-800m
  3. the Atlantic Ocean, although the C.M. shield Rioja from the worst of the Atlantic weather
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43
Q
  1. where is Rioja Baja
  2. climate
A
  1. situated
    - to the east of Logroño
    - mainly on the south bank of the Ebro
  2. climate
    - less maritime
    - hotter summers
    - more severe winters
    - annual rainfall can be low, making drought an issue for growers
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44
Q

grapes in Rioja
- plantings are dominated by …
- 4 grapes (where grown, gives to a blend)

A
  • plantings are dominated by black grapes

Tempranillo
- the most widely planted variety
- does best in the cooler western sub-regions
- the main component of most blends
- red fruit flavours & medium level of tannins

Garnacha
- grows best in the Rioja Baja
- body & alcohol

Mazuelo & Graciano
- less widely planted
- provide a supporting role in blends

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45
Q

production methods in Rioja

A
  • in a range of different ways depending on the style the winemaker wishes to achieve

red wines designed for early drinking:
- semi-carbonic maceration
–> vibrant red fruit flavours & low levels of smooth tannin

wines designed for long-term maturation:
- usually destemmed & crushed
- undergo a traditional fermentation

  • some producers use vigourous cap management techniques & extended maceration to produce heavily extracted wines, deep in colour & full of fruit flavours
  • many are making more subtle, elegant styles

oak maturation has a defining role in Rioja
- traditionally: aged in American oak & often had pronounced aromas of vanilla
- many producers now use oak from France or other European countries for at least some of their wine, giving more subtle spicy aromas

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46
Q

how many white varieties are currently approved for use in white Rioja?

A

8

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47
Q

the most widely planted white grape in Rioja

A

Viura

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48
Q

ageing of white Rioja
(trad. vs modern)

A

traditionally:
- aged for extended periods in American oak
- developed a deep golden colour & nutty flavours
- these deliberately oxidised wines have fallen out of favour with modern consumers

modern white Rioja:
- often made with minimal contact with oxygen in order to preserve the maximum amount of fruit
- some bodegas are now also producing barrel-fermented white wines, but in a less oxidative style than traditional white Riojas

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49
Q

where are the vineyards of Navarra DO situated?

A
  • stretch from the northern & eastern borders of Rioja into the foothills of the Pyrenees
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50
Q

climate of Navarra

A
  • similar to Rioja
    (Moderate Maritime? Står ikke direkte i boken, men på nett står det Continental)
  • becomes cooler & wetter nearer the mountains
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51
Q

most widely planted variety in Navarra

A

Tempranillo

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52
Q

production in Navarra is focused on …

A

red wine

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53
Q

sv or blend for Tempranillo in Navarra?

A

Tempranillo is either blended with the other Rioja varieties to make a wine in a similar style or increasingly with CS & Merlot

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54
Q

wine styles in Navarra

A

range from good value Joven wines to top quality premium Gran Reservas

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55
Q

grapes used for rosé production in Navarra

A

Garnacha

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56
Q

rosé wine in Navarra
(grape, prod.met.)

A
  • Garnacha
  • picked earlier when acid levels are higher & sugar levels lower
  • handled protectively to create refreshing, fruity wines with medium levels of alcohol
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57
Q

white wines of Navarra

A
  • account for a very small proportion of the total output of the region
  • wines tend to be made from Viura, Chardonnay & SB
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58
Q

where is Cariñena DO located?

A
  • neighbouring Calatayud DO
  • to the south of the Ebro
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59
Q

where is Calatayud DO located?

A
  • neighbouring Cariñena DO
  • to the south of the Ebro
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60
Q

climate & rain of Cariñena DO

A
  • warm continental
  • low rainfall
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61
Q

climate & rain of Calatayud DO

A
  • warm continental
  • low rainfall
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62
Q

main variety in Cariñena DO

A

Garnacha

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63
Q

main variety in Calatayud DO

A

Garnacha

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64
Q

styles of wine in Cariñena DO

A

Inexpensive wines
- fruity, early drinking style

Higher-quality wines
- old vine Garnacha & Cariñena
greater flavour intensity & structure

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65
Q

styles of wine in Calatayud DO

A

Inexpensive wines
- fruity, early drinking style

Higher-quality wines
- old vine Garnacha & Cariñena
greater flavour intensity & structure

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66
Q
  1. where is Catalunya situated?
  2. vast majority of vy are concentrated …
A
  1. north-east corner of Spain
  2. in an area that lies to the south of Barcelona &
    comprises the coastal plain & the hills immediately to the west
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67
Q

what make Catalunya unlike any of the other Spanish administrative regions?

A

Catalunya has a generic DO for still wines that covers the entire region

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68
Q

why was the generic Catalunya DO made?

A
  • largely to enable blending of wines from the various areas to provide the opportunity to create significant volumes of branded wine
69
Q

where is nearly all Cava made

A

Catalunya

70
Q

where is Penedès located?

A
  • in Catalunya, Spain
  • immediately to the south-west of Barcelona
  • between Barcelona & Tarragona
  • stretch from the Mediterranean coast up into the hills
71
Q

3 distinct climatic zones in Penedès

A
  1. coastal plain: hottest, Mediterranean
  2. inland, in the valleys: slightly cooler, but still warm
  3. further into the hills (vines are grown up to 800m): Moderate
72
Q

how is it possible to make a wide variety of wine styles using a range of grape varieties in Penèdes

A

it has 3 distinct climatic zones
1. coastal plain: hottest, Mediterranean
2. inland, in the valleys: slightly cooler, but still warm
3. further into the hills (vines are grown up to 800m): Moderate

73
Q
  1. the most planted grapes in Penedès (5)
  2. significant plantings of international varieties (3+4)
A
  1. those used for Cava production
    (trad. Macabeo, Xarel-lo, Parellada, Garnacha, Monastrell
  2. Chard., SB, Gew.tr., Merlot, CS, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), PN
74
Q

DOs in Catalunya (3)

A
  1. Catalunya DO
  2. Penedès DO
  3. Priorat DO
75
Q

where is Priorat & its vy located?

A
  • in Catalunya, Spain
  • west of Penedès
  • vy lie within the hills inland from the city of Tarragona
76
Q

summers & annual rainfall in Priorat

A
  • summers are long, hot & dry
  • annual rainfall is very low
77
Q
  1. what conditions make it ideal for the old Garnacha & Cariñena vines found in Priorat?
  2. why?
A
  • summers are long, hot & dry
  • annual rainfall is very low
  • both grapes are late ripening
78
Q

ripening time of Garnacha

A

late ripening

79
Q

ripening time of Cariñena

A

late ripening

80
Q

best soil in Priorat

A
  • Llicorella
  • layers of red slate with small particles of mica that sparkle in the sun
  • help ripening by reflecting & conserving heat
  • able to retain sufficient water throughout the growing season (because of their depth)
81
Q

… night-time temperatures of Priorat provide …

A
  • cool night-time temperatures
  • provide some relief from the heat of the day
82
Q

why is mechanisation almost impossible in Priorat?

A
  • bush vines
  • steep slopes
83
Q

factors that affect price of wine in Priorat

A
  1. vy are expensive & time consuming to manage
    - bush vines & steep slopes –> mechanisation is almost impossible
  2. very low yields
    - low nutrient soils (Ilicorella, red slate with small particles of mica)
    - age of the vines
84
Q

char. of red Priorat

A
  • deeply coloured
  • high tannins
  • medium-high alcohol
  • concentrated black fruit
  • often toasty aromas from new French oak
85
Q

grapes in red Priorat

A
  • Garnacha & Cariñena remain the core of many blends
  • some producers add some international varieties, especially CS
86
Q

white & rosé in Prioriat?

A

can also be made, although they are rarely seen

87
Q

where does the River Duero start, flow and continue?

A
  • starts in the mountains south of Riojo
  • flows through Spain
  • into Portugal (where it is called the Douro)
88
Q

DOs in the Duero Valley (3)

A
  1. Ribera del Duero DO
  2. Toro DO
  3. Rueda DO
89
Q

climate of Ribera del Duero
summers & winters

A
  • Hot Continental
  • cut off from any maritime influence by a ring of mountains
  • short, hot & dry summers
  • very cold winters
90
Q

the vy of Ribera del Duero are situated

A
  • on the highest part of the Meseta Central
  • some vy planted at over 850m
91
Q

what helps to retain the acidity & fresh fruit flavours in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • the vy are situated on the highest part of the Meseta Central, with some vy planted at over 850m
  • this altitude ensures the region experiences cool night-time temp. throughout the year
92
Q

what helps to retain the acidity & fresh fruit flavours in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • the vy are situated on the highest part of the Meseta Central, with some vy planted at over 850m
  • this altitude ensures the region experiences cool night-time temp. throughout the year
93
Q

what colour of wines are made in Ribera del Duero DO?

A
  • red & rosé wine only
94
Q

the vast majority of production in Ribera del Duero is

A

red wine

95
Q

dominant grape in Ribera del Duero

A

Tempranillo

96
Q

Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero

A
  • the dominant grape
  • the only variety in most of the best red wines
  • dark in colour
  • high level of tannins
97
Q

other grapes permitted in Ribera del Duero (but rarely used)

A
  • CS
  • Malbec
  • Merlot
98
Q

… Garnacha is grown in Ribera del Duero too & is … made into …

A

some
mostly
dry rosé

99
Q

production methods in Ribera del Duero

A
  • many winemakers are choosing to accentuate (fremheve) the concentrated fruit flavours & tannins in their grapes by
  • undertaking long macerations
  • ageing the wines for a relatively short period of time in new oak barrels, which are increasingly made from French rather than American oak
100
Q

climate in Toro

A
  • similar climate to its neighbour Ribera del Duero

Ribera del Duero
- Hot Continental
- cut off from any maritime influence by a ring of mountains
- short, hot & dry summers
- very cold winters

101
Q

wines in Toro DO are predominately made from

A

Tempranillo

102
Q

char. of red wine in Toro DO
(general, Joven, Reserva, Gran R.)

A
  • predominately made from Tempranillo
  • full-bodied
  • intense fruit flavours
  • high alcohol
  • Joven wines: generally a proportion of Garnacha
  • Reservas & Gran Reservas: can be exceptionally deeply coloured & tannic when young, & have the ability to age well
103
Q

colour of wine in Toro DO

A
  • mostly red
  • small quantities of rosé & white
104
Q

the reds in Toro are full-bodied with intense fruit flavours & high alcohol, a result of …

A
  • the high daytime temperatures
  • sunny conditions
  • low-yielding bush vines
105
Q

where is Rueda situated?

A
  • in the Duero Valley, Spain
  • in-between Toro & Ribera del Duero
106
Q

how does Rueda differ from Ribera del Duero & Toro?

A

focuses on white wine production

107
Q

Rueda’s traditional grape variety

A

Verdejo

108
Q

main grapes in Rueda

A
  • Verdejo
  • SB
109
Q

sv or blend in Rueda

A
  • both SB & Verdejo can be made & labelled as single varietal wines
  • blended whites must contain at least 50% Verdejo
110
Q

style of wines in Rueda

A

styles range from simple & fruity to richer barrel-fermented versions

111
Q

DOs in the North West Spain (2)

A
  • Rias Baixas
  • Bierzo
112
Q

climate of north west Spain

A
  • Moderate Maritime
  • cooler & wetter than the rest of Spain
113
Q

where is Rias Baixas

A
  • in the north west of Spain
  • on the Atlantic coast
114
Q

climate of Rias Baixas

A
  • Moderate Maritime
  • damp climate
115
Q
  1. hazards in Rias Baixas
  2. how to avoid
A
  1. vine diseases (mildew & rot)
  2. trained on pergolas to encourage air circulation
    (some producers are using other training & trellising systems that are easier to maintain)
116
Q

training & trellising in Rias Baixas

A
  • trained on pergolas to encourage air circulation (avoid mildew & rot)
  • some producers are using other training & trellising systems that are easier to maintain
117
Q

styles of Albariño in Rias Baixas

A

most
- refreshing unoaked style
- taking advantage of the grape’s naturally high acidity & ripe stone fruit flavours

some
- richer style
- occasionally with a touch of oak or lees stirring

118
Q

colour of wine in Rias Baixas

A
  • mostly white
  • red wine is permitted too although it remains a minority concern
119
Q

where is Bierzo?

A
  • north west Spain
  • in the mountains that mark the boundary between Galicia & the Meseta Central
120
Q

Bierzo makes predominately … wine

A

red

121
Q

DO in the mountains that mark the boundary between Galicia & the Meseta Central

A

Bierzo

122
Q

climate in Bierzo

A
  • Moderate Maritime
  • benefits from a cooling maritime influence
123
Q

key grape variety in Bierzo

A

Mencia

124
Q

Mencia in Bierzo

A
  • elegant red wines
  • naturally high acidity
  • red fruit aromas
125
Q

best wines in Bierzo come from …

A
  • old vines grown on the region’s steep stony slopes
126
Q

oak in Bierzo?

A
  • some producers make unoaked wines to retain the perfumed red fruit of the grape variety
  • many use new oak to add toasty aromas
127
Q

where is Levante?

A
  • the region on the Mediterranean coast south of Catalunya
128
Q

trade in the Levante is centred round the port of …

A

Valencia, which is the distribution hub for wines from the Levante & La Mancha

129
Q

DOs in the Levante (3)

A
  1. Valencia
  2. Jumilla
  3. Yecla
130
Q

grape varieties in Valencia

A
  • a large number of different local & international grape varieties
  • most planted red grape: Monastrell
  • white plantings are dominated by: Merseguera (local grape)
  • significant plantings of Muscat of Alexandria
131
Q

grape varieties in Valencia

A
  • a large number of different local & international grape varieties
  • most planted red grape: Monastrell
  • white plantings are dominated by: Merseguera (local grape)
  • significant plantings of Muscat of Alexandria
132
Q

most planted red grape in Valencia

A

Monastrell

133
Q

white plantings in Valencia are dominated by …

A

Merseguera

134
Q

what is Moscatel de Valencia, and what grape is used

A
  • sweet fortified wine of Valencia
  • Muscat of Alexandria
135
Q

where is Jumilla?

A
  • in the Levante in Spain
  • east coast, below Catalunya
  • south-west of Valencia (further inland)
  • south-east of La Mancha
  • neighbour to Yecla
136
Q

where is Yecla?

A
  • in the Levante in Spain
  • east coast, below Catalunya
  • south-west of Valencia (further inland)
  • south-east of La Mancha
  • neighbour to Jumilla
137
Q

climate of Jumilla

A

Hot, arid climate (mediterranean?)

138
Q

climate of Yecla

A

Hot, arid climate (mediterranean?)

139
Q

style of wines in Jumilla

A

majority are youthful & fruity in style

140
Q

style of wines in Yecla

A

majority are youthful & fruity in style

141
Q

almost half of Spain’s total wine production comes from …

A

Castilla-La Mancha

142
Q

where is Castilla-La Mancha?

A
  • vast central area of the Meseta Central
  • lies to the south of Madrid
  • west of the Levante (Valencia)
143
Q

DOs in Castilla-La Mancha (2)

A
  1. La Mancha
  2. Valdepeñas
144
Q

largest DO in Spain

A

La Mancha

145
Q

most widely planted grape variety in La Mancha

A

Airén

146
Q

Airén in La Mancha

A
  • most widely planted grape variety, but declining
    (authorities have encouraged producers to plant Tempranillo/Cencibel & other international grape varieties such as CS, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, SB)
  • neutral, fresh white wine
147
Q

why is the amount of Airén declining in La Mancha?

A

most widely planted grape variety, but declining
- authorities have encouraged producers to plant Tempranillo/Cencibel & other international grape varieties such as CS, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, SB)

148
Q

local name of Tempranillo in La Mancha

A

Cencibel

149
Q
  • other name for Cencibel
  • where is it grown
A
  • Tempranillo
  • La Mancha
150
Q

significant investment in technology & expertise has ensured that La Mancha is now an ….

A

excellent source of inexpensive well-made reds & whites for the export market

151
Q

where did the trend for top-quality pagos wines begin in Spain?

A

La Mancha

152
Q

where are the majority of estates that have been awarded the appellation Vinos de Pago located

A

La Mancha

153
Q

where is Valdepeñas located?

A
  • immediately to the south of La Mancha

La Mancha:
- vast central area of the Meseta Central
- lies to the south of Madrid
- west of the Levante (Valencia)

154
Q

climate of Valdepeñas

A
  • identical to La Mancha
  • Hot Continental
155
Q

most widely planted grape in Valdepeñas

A

Airén

156
Q

main grape variety for red wine in Valdepeñas

A

Tempranillo (Cencibel)

157
Q

Tempranillo as varietal wine or blend in Valdepeñas?
Style

A
  • main grape variety for red wines
  • either as a varietal wine or blended with international grape varieties
  • the wines range from fruity to more concentrated & oak matured
158
Q

Spanish wine laws

A
  • hierarchy of PDO & PGI
  • specific ageing criteria for red & white wines
159
Q
  • Spanish PDO
  • traditional terms
A
  • Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP)

traditional terms:
- Denominación de Origen (DO)
- Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
- Denominació d’Origen Qualificada (DOQ)
(Priorat wines use the Catalan terminology)
- Vinos de Pago (VP)

160
Q

Denominación de Origen (DO) in Spain

A
  • should be wines of a certain minimum quality
  • satisfying specifications covering grape varieties, viticulture & location
161
Q

Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) in Spain

A
  • DOs of at least ten years standing may apply for this more prestigious category
  • at present there are only 2 (Rioja & Priorat)
  • Priorat wines use the Catalan terminology of Denominació d’Origen Qualificada (DOQ)
162
Q

Vinos de Pago

A
  • PDO in Spain
  • this category applies to a small number of single estates with high reputations
  • approved estates may only use their own grapes, which must be vinified & matured on their estate
163
Q

PGI wines in Spain

A

the traditional term Vino de la Tierra (VdlT) is commonly used

164
Q

wines without GI in Spain

A

labelled Vino

165
Q

the Spanish law defines the following age categories for its wines

A
  • Joven
  • Crianza
  • Reserva
  • Gran Reserva
166
Q

ageing for red wines in Spain
total months - barrel

A
  • Joven: 0 - 0
  • Crianza: 24 - 6
  • Reserva: 36 - 12
  • Gran Reserva: 60 - 18
167
Q

ageing for white wines in Spain
total months - barrel

A
  • Joven: 0 - 0
  • Crianza: 18 - 6
  • Reserva: 24 - 6
  • Gran Reserva: 48 - 6
168
Q

are the ageing laws equal all over Spain?

A

No.
Some regions, such as Rioja, require that the wines made there are aged for longer both in total & in barrel.

WSET 3 (45 decks)

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