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WSET 3 > 31 - Portugal > Flashcards

31 - Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q
  • climate of Portugal
  • influences
A
  • despite the fact that it is only a small country, Portugal has a range of different climates
  1. the singel most important influence is that of the Atlantic Ocean
    –> much of the country has a maritime climate
  2. in many of the inland vy the climate is hot, dry & continental
  3. in some regions altitude can help to mitigate the very high temperatures
  • the large difference in annual average temperature partly account for the diversity of wine styles found in Portugal
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2
Q

5 main DOC & the largest Vinho Regional in Portugal

A
  1. Vinho Verde
  2. Douro
  3. Dão
  4. Bairrada
  5. Alentejo
  • Vinho Regional Alentejano
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3
Q

Portuguese wine laws
- name of PDO, PGI, without

A

PDO
- Denominacão de Origem Protegida (DOP)
- Denominacão de Origem Controlada (DOC) –> traditional term

PGI
- Indicacão Geográfica Protegida (IGP)
- Vinho Regional (VR) –> traditional term

without GI
- Vinho

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4
Q

where is Vinho Verde?

A
  • in the north-west of Portugal
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5
Q

climate of Vinho Verde

A
  • Moderate Maritime climate
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6
Q
  1. most significant feature of the climate of Vinho Verde
  2. hazards
  3. how to avoid
A
  1. high annual rainfall
  2. excessive canopy growth & disease
  3. careful canopy management
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7
Q

canopy management in Vinho Verde
(trad., mod., how & why)

A
  • traditional: pergola trellising

modernisation of the vy:
- spur-pruned VSP
- to create airflow in the humid environment
- to improve the health & quality of the grapes & to allow for mechanisation

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8
Q

char. of classic white Vinho Verde

A
  • pale lemon coloured
  • high in acidity
  • low in alcohol (8-11,5%)
  • the wines with lower alcohol are usually off-dry in style
  • traditionally, these wines hav a slight sparkling sensation that enhances their freshness
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9
Q

Vinho Verde
If …, … or …, is mentioned on the label the wine can have up to 14% abv

A
  • a grape variety
  • a sub-region
  • an authorised quality labelling term
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10
Q

white wines of Portugal are made from

A

local grape varieties such as
- Loureiro
- Arinto

Or
- Alvarinho

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11
Q
  1. Vinho Verde Alvarinho is made from …
  2. grown in …
  3. alcohol
  4. aromas
A
  1. entirely from Alvarinho grapes
  2. the small designated sub-region of Moncão e Melgaco
  3. slightly higher alcohol (11,5-14%)
  4. riper, more tropical aromas
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12
Q

colour of grapes in Vinho Verde

A

white & black varieties

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13
Q

colour of wine in Vinho Verde

A

white, red & rosé

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14
Q

short char. of red & rose in Vinho Verde

A
  • Red: deeply coloured & tannic
  • Rosé: fresh & fruity
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15
Q

Where is Douro

A
  • 80 km east of Porto
  • stretches from the Marão Mountains to the frontier with Spain
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16
Q

wine production in Douro is dominated by

A

Port

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17
Q

5 principal grape varieties in Douro

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Touriga Franca
  3. Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
  4. Tinta Barroca
  5. Tinta Cão
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18
Q

the most well known grape & considered the highest-quality variety in Douro

A

Touriga Nacional

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19
Q

Touriga Nacional

A
  • low yields
  • intense colour & flavours
  • high levels of tannin
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20
Q

red wines of the Douro tend to be

A
  • deeply coloured
  • full-bodied
  • high level of ripe tannins
  • rich black fruit flavours
  • best: often display subtle toasty aromas from maturation in new oak
21
Q

white wines of Douro

A
  • fresh varietal fruit
  • medium to high acidity
22
Q

where is Dão?

A
  • in a mountainous area 80 km south of the Douro region
23
Q
  1. the vines in Dão are …
  2. vy lies …
A
  1. planted on the gentler hills & slopes
  2. between 200-400m
24
Q

climate of Dão (winters, summers)

A
  • cold, wet winters
  • warm, dry summers
  • significant temperature variation between day & night
25
Q

the red wines from Dão

A
  • often display delicate red fruit aromas
  • soft tannins
  • high acidity
26
Q

vy improvement schemes in Dão have seen new plantings of high-quality varieties including …, …, … & …

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Tinta Roriz
  3. Jaen (Mencia in Spain)
  4. Alfrocheiro
27
Q

Alfrocheiro in Dão

A
  • deep in colour
  • intense aromas of blackberry & strawberry
  • best: range in style from light & fresh to richer, barrel-fermented versions
28
Q

where is Bairrada?

A
  • between Dão & the Atlantic Ocean
29
Q
  1. climate in Bairrada
  2. summers & winters
  3. hazards
A
  1. maritime climate
  2. rainy winters & warm summers
  3. rain around harvest time can sometimes be a problem for late ripening varieties
30
Q

dominant black variety in Bairrada

A

Baga

31
Q

Baga in Bairrada
(grape, wine, prod.met.)

A
  • late ripening
  • small, thick-skinned berries
  • deep in colour
  • high tannin levels

underripe:
- high acidity
- astringent tannins

later picking
- softer
- rich, black fruit flavours

give softer wines:
- gentler crushing & maceration techniques
- blending with other black varieties

32
Q

grape varieties in Bairrada (8)

A

dominant:
- Baga

other important Portuguese grapes
- Touriga Nacional
- Alfrocheiro

international varieties:
- CS
- Merlot
- Syrah

white:
- Bical
- Maria Gomes

33
Q

number of sub-regions in Alentejo

A

8

34
Q

where is Alentejo

A
  • in the south east of Portugal
35
Q

climate in Alentejo

A
  • warm growing season
  • small climatic differences among the sub-regions
  • cooler, wetter north
  • hotter, drier centre & south
36
Q

what allows Alentejo to make a range of different styles?

A
  • small climatic differences among the 8 sub-regions
  • cooler, wetter north –> more elegang wines
  • hotter, drier centre & south –> richer examples
37
Q

Grapes in Alentejo (5+3)
The typical red blend is made with

A
  • typical red blend is made with Aragonês (Tempranillo) & Trincadeira
  • Alicante Bouschet also used in blends
  • the use of Touriga Nacional & Syrah has been increasing in the last few years
  • white: Arinto, Antão Vaz & Roupeiro
38
Q

another name for Aragonês

A

Tempranillo

39
Q

Trincadeira

A
  • drought-tolerant
  • spicy red berry flavours
  • high levels of tannin
40
Q

Alicante Bouschet
colour & tannins

A
  • high in colour & tannins
41
Q

red wine in Alentejo are typically

A
  • deep in colour
  • high yet soft tannins
  • full body
  • expressive ripe fruit flavours
42
Q

white wine in Alentejo

A
  • grapes: Arinto, Antão Vaz & Roupeiro
  • fruity & floral white wines
  • medium to high acidity
  • some are fermented or aged in oak to provide extra depth & complexity
43
Q

the largest Vinho Regional region in terms of production

A

Vinho Regional Alentejano

44
Q

where is Alentejano

A
  • based around Alentejo DOC but covers a far more extensive area
  • south east of Portugal
45
Q

Vinho Regional Alentejano

A
  • based around Alentejo DOC but covers a far more extensive area
  • winemaking regulations are more liberal for the Vinho Regional wines
  • a wider range of grape varieties can be used, particularly international varieties
46
Q

Vinho Regional in Portugal (4)

A
  1. Alentejano
  2. Lisboa
  3. Peninsula de Setubal
  4. Tejo
47
Q

where is VR Lisboa?

A
  • stretching north from Lisbon
48
Q

where is VR Peninsula de Setubal

A

directly to the south of Lisbon

49
Q

where is VR Tejo

A

north-east of Lisbon

WSET 3 (45 decks)

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