3.4.5 Species and taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

What defines two organisms as belonging to the same species?

A

They are able to produce fertile offspring.

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2
Q

Why is courtship behaviour important before successful mating?

A

It ensures recognition of members of the same species leading to successful mating.

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3
Q

What role does courtship play in species recognition?

A

It allows individuals to identify members of their own species to produce fertile offspring.

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4
Q

What does a phylogenetic classification system group organisms based on?

A

Based on evolutionary origins and relationships.

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5
Q

What is the structure of a phylogenetic hierarchy?

A

Smaller groups are placed within larger groups with no overlap between groups.

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6
Q

What is each group in a phylogenetic hierarchy called?

A

A taxon plural taxa.

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7
Q

List the taxa in the correct hierarchical order.

A

Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species.

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8
Q

What is the universal way of naming species?

A

Binomial consisting of genus name and species name.

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9
Q

Give an example of binomial nomenclature.

A

Homo sapiens.

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10
Q

How have advances in immunology helped classification?

A

Similar proteins will bind the same antibodies..

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11
Q

How has genome sequencing helped classification?

A

It helps clarify evolutionary relationships by comparing DNA base sequences.

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12
Q

Define Species

A

Can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

Give the taxonomic levels of classification

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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14
Q

Describe how genetic diversity between species can be measured

A
  1. Comparing observable characteristics/features
  2. Comparing base sequences of DNA
  3. Comparing Base sequences of mRNA
  4. Comparing amino acid sequences (of the same protein)
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15
Q

Classification is hierarchical – what does this mean?

A

smaller groups are placed within larger groups, with no overlap between groups.

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16
Q

Which two taxa make up an organisms binomial name?

A

Genus species

17
Q

Explain what is meant by a phylogenetic group?

A

(Grouped according to) evolutionary links/history/relationships /common ancestry

18
Q

Courtship Behaviour – The importance (3)

A
  1. enables male I female to recognise opposite sex;
  2. enables recognition of own species;
  3. synchronises mating behaviour
19
Q

Courtship Behaviour – How it increases probability of mating (4)

A
  1. Attracts mate of the same species;
  2. Indication of sexual maturity / fertility / synchronises mating;
  3. Stimulates release of gametes;
  4. Formation of a pair bond / bond between two organisms (to have / raise young)