3.2.1.2 Structure of prokaryotic cells and of viruses Flashcards
How does the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells differ from that of eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cytoplasm lacks membrane-bound organelles.
What size are the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes compared to eukaryotic cells.
What type of genetic material do prokaryotic cells have?
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm and not associated with proteins.
What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
The cell wall in prokaryotic cells contains murein, a glycoprotein.
Name an additional structure found in many prokaryotic cells.
Plasmids.
What is a capsule in prokaryotic cells?
A capsule is a layer surrounding the cell that many prokaryotic cells have.
What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
Flagella enable movement in many prokaryotic cells.
Are viruses classified as living organisms?
No, viruses are acellular and non-living.
What are the three main structural components of a virus particle?
Genetic material, capsid, and attachment protein.
What is the role of the attachment protein in a virus?
Attachment proteins allow the virus to bind to host cells.
Prokaryotic - Name the main biological molecule in a bacterial cell wall (1)
Murein / glycoprotein;
Prokaryotic - Give two features
of all prokaryotic cells that are not features of eukaryotic cells.
- Cytoplasm with no membrane-bound organelles
- Single, Circular DNA
- DNA free in the cytoplasm
- DNA that is not associated with proteins/histones
- A cell wall that contains murein
Viruses – Give features of all viruses
- attachments proteins
- capsid
- nucleic acid
Why are viruses classed as non living?
have no metabolism/metabolic reactions;
OR
Cannot (independently) move/respire/replicate/reproduce/
excrete
OR
(Have) no nutrition;
Why are viruses classes as acellular?
no cell(-surface) membrane
OR
Not made of cells;
Or
Has no cytoplasm/organelles
