3232 - Urban Form, Spatial patterns of Land use in urban areas

Question 1

Define urban morphology

Answer 1

Spatial structure and organisation of an urban area

Question 2

Name what affected traditional urban morphology

Answer 2

Heavily affected by physical factors e.d relief drainage

Question 3

Describe where/why early industrial area were built

Answer 3

They were developed close to rivers to harness the power of water for energy and transport
On flat land for the transportation of good via roads or rail

Question 4

Why does relief of land still play an important role today?

Answer 4

Flat land is easier to build on and may attract a higher land value however flat land near rivers may have flood risks

Question 5

Where can informal settlements in LICs be found?

Answer 5

On undeveloped steep land and this is undesirable e.g Rocinha is Brazil’s largest favela and built on a steep hillside

Question 6

In modern day why are humans now more influenced by human factors?

Answer 6

Humans are now able to overcome physical factors

Question 7

What is the main factor affecting land use in HICs?

Answer 7

Land value

Question 8

Where is the land value the highest?

Answer 8

Traditionally in the centre of a city where accessibility is greatest.

Question 9

What is PLVI

Answer 9

Peak land value intersection and this is the area with the highest land value and from it land prices decline in line with the theory of distance decay

Question 10

Who generally occupies the PLVI

Answer 10

Usually only very profitable business e.g large retailers can afford the high prices of the PLVI e.g occupied by M&S

Question 11

Who generally occupies the outer edges of the CBD?

Answer 11

Smaller Retailers and commercial land uses who cannot afford to pay the highest prices and be in the most accessible locations

Question 12

Describe bid rent model

Answer 12

Diagram showing that she’s and offices occupy highest land values, industry occupies land slightly fighter away and then busing occupies the land further away and shoos that as distance from the PLVI increases the competition for land decreases and therefore the land value is lower

Question 13

What occurred from the 1980s and onwards?

Answer 13

There was a trend of out of town shopping centres and this affected land values in some cities

Question 14

What was the consequence of the 1980s and onwards out of town shopping trend

Answer 14

Secondary land value peaks occurred and affected the pattern of land use

Question 15

From the 1980s onwards why was the CBD not the most accessible place?

Answer 15

There was an increase in car ownership and better infrastructure

Question 16

What was the consequence of the CBD not being the most accessible place?

Answer 16

Affected land use patterns and caused edge of town development with free car parking

Question 17

In the UK what is a general trend from some city centres in the last 30 years?

Answer 17

They have faced decline

Question 18

Why have UK cities faced decline in the last 30 years

Answer 18

In the 1980s & 1990s this was due to the development of out of town retail parks and decentralisation and business and residential areas

Question 19

Why were people deterred from the city and pushed to out of town retail parks?

Answer 19

High parking costs, congestion, perception of city centre as dirt and unsafe

Question 20

Strategies to reverse inner city decline?

Answer 20

Provision of more attractive shopping environments
Construction of all weather shopping malls
Improvement in public transport links
Business and marketing teams to coordinate management of the CBD and run specialist events

Question 21

First key strategy to tacking inner city decline in the 2000s

Answer 21

‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’

Question 22

Key factors of ‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’

Answer 22

• wider range of leisure feature attracting a wider range of people
• promotion of street entertainment
• developing nightlife

Question 23

Evaluation of ‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’

Answer 23

The strategies and stricter planning controls on out of town developments meant that larger cities have successfully attracted shoppers and visitors back into the city centre however decision makers are concerned about the decline of the CBD in smaller cities and urban areas

Question 24

Name the second key strategy to tackle inner city decline in the 2000s

Answer 24

Development of cultural and heritage quarters

Question 25

Describe Development of cultural and heritage quarters

Answer 25

Culturally lend urban developments appeared in the 1980s e.g Manchester northern quarter for this to be successful it requires a previous cultural production of consumption

Heritage quarters focus more on the history of the area based around smaller scale industries e.g actually making someone e.g Birmingham jewellery quater

Question 26

Evaluate Development of cultural and heritage quaternary

Answer 26

Some critics argue that not all towns need cultural quarters and that in areas they simply created higher property values. However they can also be viewed in a positive way in that they may improve the perception of a place