3232 - Urban Form, Spatial patterns of Land use in urban areas Flashcards
Define urban morphology
Spatial structure and organisation of an urban area
Name what affected traditional urban morphology
Heavily affected by physical factors e.d relief drainage
Describe where/why early industrial area were built
They were developed close to rivers to harness the power of water for energy and transport
On flat land for the transportation of good via roads or rail
Why does relief of land still play an important role today?
Flat land is easier to build on and may attract a higher land value however flat land near rivers may have flood risks
Where can informal settlements in LICs be found?
On undeveloped steep land and this is undesirable e.g Rocinha is Brazil’s largest favela and built on a steep hillside
In modern day why are humans now more influenced by human factors?
Humans are now able to overcome physical factors
What is the main factor affecting land use in HICs?
Land value
Where is the land value the highest?
Traditionally in the centre of a city where accessibility is greatest.
What is PLVI
Peak land value intersection and this is the area with the highest land value and from it land prices decline in line with the theory of distance decay
Who generally occupies the PLVI
Usually only very profitable business e.g large retailers can afford the high prices of the PLVI e.g occupied by M&S
Who generally occupies the outer edges of the CBD?
Smaller Retailers and commercial land uses who cannot afford to pay the highest prices and be in the most accessible locations
Describe bid rent model
Diagram showing that she’s and offices occupy highest land values, industry occupies land slightly fighter away and then busing occupies the land further away and shoos that as distance from the PLVI increases the competition for land decreases and therefore the land value is lower
What occurred from the 1980s and onwards?
There was a trend of out of town shopping centres and this affected land values in some cities
What was the consequence of the 1980s and onwards out of town shopping trend
Secondary land value peaks occurred and affected the pattern of land use
From the 1980s onwards why was the CBD not the most accessible place?
There was an increase in car ownership and better infrastructure
What was the consequence of the CBD not being the most accessible place?
Affected land use patterns and caused edge of town development with free car parking
In the UK what is a general trend from some city centres in the last 30 years?
They have faced decline
Why have UK cities faced decline in the last 30 years
In the 1980s & 1990s this was due to the development of out of town retail parks and decentralisation and business and residential areas
Why were people deterred from the city and pushed to out of town retail parks?
High parking costs, congestion, perception of city centre as dirt and unsafe
Strategies to reverse inner city decline?
Provision of more attractive shopping environments
Construction of all weather shopping malls
Improvement in public transport links
Business and marketing teams to coordinate management of the CBD and run specialist events
First key strategy to tacking inner city decline in the 2000s
‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’
Key factors of ‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’
- wider range of leisure feature attracting a wider range of people
- promotion of street entertainment
- developing nightlife
Evaluation of ‘Town centre mixed development encouraging functions other than retailing’
The strategies and stricter planning controls on out of town developments meant that larger cities have successfully attracted shoppers and visitors back into the city centre however decision makers are concerned about the decline of the CBD in smaller cities and urban areas
Name the second key strategy to tackle inner city decline in the 2000s
Development of cultural and heritage quarters
Describe Development of cultural and heritage quarters
Culturally lend urban developments appeared in the 1980s e.g Manchester northern quarter for this to be successful it requires a previous cultural production of consumption
Heritage quarters focus more on the history of the area based around smaller scale industries e.g actually making someone e.g Birmingham jewellery quater
Evaluate Development of cultural and heritage quaternary
Some critics argue that not all towns need cultural quarters and that in areas they simply created higher property values. However they can also be viewed in a positive way in that they may improve the perception of a place
