3231 Suburbanisation Flashcards
What is suburbanistaion?
The movement of people living in the inner parts of the city to living on the outer edges. It has been facilitated by the development of transport networks and increase in car ownership. It results in a spread of the urban area.
Causes of suburbanisation?
- people want to escape the decline, pollution and stress of the inner city
- suburbanisation has been facilitated by the growth of publish transport e.g railways then new roads increased car ownership allowing wealthier people to commute to work from their homes.
History of suburbanisation
1930s: not many planning controls so urban growth developed mainly along main roads, this is called ribbon developments and caused urban sprawl.
1940s: the growth lead to concern, leading to the establishment of protected areas known as green belts to control further developments.
1950s: suburbanisation increased and was better planned.
1960s: large scale construction of housing estates in the suburbs on greenfield sites. Some of these were known as ‘sink estates’
1970s: increasing home ownership (mortgages) leading to private housing estates on the rural urban fringe again on greenfield sites. Residents had more land for garages and gardens. Residents also had cleaner air and access to open space and rural areas.
1980s: in recent years ew housing estates have been built in suburban areas which local shopping facilities. Out of town retail parks, leisure parks and schools have been built in suburban areas. This is because the suburbs are perceived as relatively crime free environments with benefits of the rural urban fringe e.g woodlands, parks, golf courses. Greenberg land is increasingly under threat.
What are the two negative impacts of suburbanisation?
- Increasing social segregation - within cities the wealthy move out to the suburbs and the poor remain in the inner city. This is a particular issue in the USA in which segregation has occurred as a result of wealth and ethnicity.
- Funding has been diverted away from the city to the suburbs to pay for new infrastructure and services.
