3231 - Counter-urbanisation

Question 1

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 1

The movement of people from urban areas into smaller urban areas or rural areas leap-frogging the rural-urban fringe. The difference between rural and urban is reduced because of fhis movement.

Question 2

First three causes of counter urbanisation?

Answer 2

1. People want toe space the air pollution, dirt and crime of the urban environment
2. They aspire to what they perceive as the pleasant, quiet and clean countryside, where the land and house prices are cheaper.
3. Car ownership and greater affluence allow people to commute to work for these areas

Question 3

Second three cusses of counter-urbanisation?

Answer 3

4. Many employees have moved out of cities. Between 1981 and 1996 rural areas gained roughly 1 million jobs.
5. Improvements in technology e.g the Internet have allowed more freedom of location. Someone working for a home computer can access the same global system as s person in an office block in the centre of a city.
6. Rising demand for second homes and earlier retirement. Agriculture has faced economic difficulties and one way for farmers to raise money is to sell land and buildings.

Question 4

How does counter-urbanisation affect the layout of rural settlements?

Answer 4

• modern housing estates are built on the edges of small settlements
• small industrial estates are built on main roads leading into the settlements
• former open spaces are built on
• old properties and some agricultural buildings are converted and modernised

Question 5

How does counter-urbanisation lead to tension between locals and new comers?

Answer 5

• despite the influx of new local people services offers close down.
• e.g bus services have disappeared in many rural communities.
• schools, post offices and churches also close down
• this is due to new comers having the wealth and mobility to continue to us services some distance away

Question 6

What is the evidence for counter-urbanisation?

Answer 6

• there has been an increase in the use of commuter railway stations, including car parking for commuters
• increased values of houses
• construction of more executive housing often on newly designed building land, defaming and the demolition of old properties

Question 7

Counter-urbanisation is one of a number of processes contributing to social and demographic change in rural areas (known as rural turn around) what are the main changes?

Answer 7

• out migration of young village born adult seeking eduction and employment opportunities elsewhere.
• decline of the elderly population through deaths
• In-migration of young/ middle-aged married couples or families with young children
• In migration of younger more affluent people which results in increased house prices.

Question 8

What is important to note about counter-urbanisation?

Answer 8

All the changes do not take place uniformly within all rural settlements and there are considerable variations between parishes.

Question 9

What is a suburbanised village?

Answer 9

Key settlements that have access to a range of services and transport (commuter) routes.