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FINAL DESIGN > 3.2 > Flashcards

3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

what do design descions dictate

A

aroudn 70% of manufactruing costs

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2
Q

what is DFM

A

design for manufacture

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3
Q

what does DFM aim to do

A

reduce costs of production

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4
Q

exaampels fo ways DFM may reduce costs of product

A

minimsing number fo parts
standardised parts and feautures
effcint joining methods
symetrical parts
easily identifiable parts
reduced manfuactruing prorcesses

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5
Q

what is the dispsoal fo waste

A

an additioanl cost to manfuacturers

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6
Q

how may improved efficency be implemeneted

A

multi fucntional parts
multi use parts
symetricla parts
standardised fittings

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7
Q

how do symmetrical parts inc efficnecy

A

doesnt matter about orentation, emanign can be palced any way, reducign tiem and eror

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8
Q

hwo do multi fucntional and multi use parts icnrease efficny in manfuatcure

A

less production processes
combined designs
oen part can eb sued for many things

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9
Q

multi fucntional aprt examples

A

pritner can scan, pritn, copy, etc
stapler that hodls stapels
swiss army knife
sofa beds
moulds having hoels for screws set in

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10
Q

hwo ot ensure acciracy

A

jigs
formers
templates
moulds
fixtures - hold work in a given posititon

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11
Q

what do acuraate tolerances and finishes aid

A

ease fo productiion and icnreased effciency, as well as viability of costs

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12
Q

what do fewer parts mean

A

less processing time
redcued hadnling
reduced complciation in assembly

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13
Q

what shoudl also be considered when disucssing dfm, bar easier manufacture

A

the idea that it is aimign to imrpve production effiecny

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14
Q

exampels of processes that allow the creation fo complciated parts with few compoennets

A

injection moudling
die casting

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15
Q

what can mdoualr design do

A

simplify the assembly process

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16
Q

how can modular design sipmplify the assembly prorcess

A

standardised parts
reduced variation
common compoenets and parts

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17
Q

why are fastners avoided

A

they icnrease handlign adn production times

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18
Q

what will be used inplace of fastenrs

A

snap fits
tabs
singular mouldings

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19
Q

what will designers do to maxamise the opprotunity for reuse repair and miantainenece

A

consider hwo easy shit is to dismantle and acccess

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20
Q

how will designers make shit easier to access and dismantle

A

threaded connections
reducec coatings an coverings
easily identifiabel parts
multifunctonal parts
access panels
standardised shiit
swapabel lmodules

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21
Q

what will manfuactures consider to reduce enviro imapct

A

waste
hazardous materials and process
energy

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22
Q

what will designers increase to imrpove envro impact

A

opp for maintainence
better material chocies

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23
Q

pros of exteneding products life

A

good for enviro

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24
Q

cons of extendign products life

A

bad for sales

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25
Q

what can new tech, wear and reduced support do

A

make odler designs reducndant or obselete

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26
Q

what do new technolgoies brign problems about

A

system compatibility

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27
Q

what may manfuacturers do to imcrease consumer retntion

A

allow for compatitbility of products
software upgrades
implement new fucntiosn to products

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28
Q

with regards to maintainenece what will manufacturers do to get consumer retenetion

A

planned servcies
replacement parts
warranty

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29
Q

exampls of supports durign a products lfie

A

gauranetees and warranty
avability fo spare parts
software upgrades
help centrers

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30
Q

why may a product reach its EOL

A

release of new products
developemnt fo tech, maetrials, etc
fall in demand
planned obsceleneces

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31
Q

what is wood processignused to prodcue

A

timber
paper
boards and swmill

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32
Q

usual conevrsion fo trees

A

debark
cut to size
kiln dried

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33
Q

why may secondary processes take place on wood

A

to convert it to larger pieces or specific sizes adn lenghts

34
Q

what treatement will be doen to wood in the secodnary stages fo manfuacture

A

heat resistance and rot reststant

35
Q

how are polyemrs and syntheics made

A

crakcign crude oil

36
Q

what si bad about the transpsortation of polymers and oil

A

can spill into seas and nature, damagign avst areas of enviroment

37
Q

what nto to do when talkign abotu envrioebtal imapct

A

be avgue and general abotu the impact, be specific tothe process isnetad

38
Q

what is the eart surroudn by

A

large layer fo gas

39
Q

gases in the ozone layer

A

CO2
Methane
NO

40
Q

what adds to the thickenss ofthe layer aroudn earth

A

green house gases

41
Q

consequecnes of thicker layer aroudn eart

A

heat trappe and shti causign global warmign etc

42
Q

what gases are there regualtion adn limtis on there emmssion

A

sulphur dixoide
nitrogen dixoise
polcycilcic aromatic hydrocarbosn

43
Q

where wioll companies often outsource from

A

developing coutnries with low wage economies

44
Q

what can faulty shit and poor quality products lead to

A

failiures
law suits
returns
product recalls

45
Q

what does fair trade seek to enusre for farmers

A

safe and better workign conditions
fair pay
stable incoems
not exploited by large comapnies

46
Q

products associated with fair trade

A

banana
tea
cocoa
cotton rice

47
Q

aims of eti

A

promtoe fari working practcies
reudce and stop fored labour
stop rpdocuion fo non ethical products

48
Q

what will MCS look to take advantage fo by workign in diff ccoutnries

A

interest rates
currency rates
cheap labour
cheap premsises costs

49
Q

benefits of globalisation

A

new producst
diversity
cheaper shit
job creation

50
Q

cons of globalsiation

A

exploitation of workers
dmaage to domestic comapies

51
Q

what is suasatinabel development

A

development tat does not deplete natural resources faster than they can eb replaced

52
Q

what must designers consider implciations on

A

enviro
society
economy

53
Q

what are all design descisions

A

interlinked

54
Q

what will desigenrs do to make products mroe susatainable

A

use the 6 rs

55
Q

what are the 6Rs

A

rethink
reuse
recylice
repair
reduce
refuse

56
Q

questions for rethink

A

how can it be better
is it energy effciecy
designed for dissasmebly
can i chaneg it to be envrio friedly

57
Q

questions for reuse

A

whcih parts can eb used again
can it do other shit without reproceessign

58
Q

questions for recycle

A

ease to take apart?
materiasl recyclable?
energy to re prorcess

59
Q

questions for repair

A

which parts can be replaced or fixed
where failiure
hwo easy to repalce

60
Q

questions for reudce

A

whast nto needed
can material be cut down
hwo to simplify

61
Q

questions for refuse

A

is it neccessary
will ti last long
to costlu
unfashionabel?

62
Q

what is DFD

A

design for dissasembly

63
Q

What does dfd aid

A

EOL disposal or lengthenign lfie span

64
Q

What may be cosnidered in DFD

A

Fewer parts
fewer fastners
Standardised peices
screws ratehr than bolts
no glues or finishes
dissasmbly isntructions

65
Q

design optimsiation idnetifies the best chocies for what ]

A

material
method of man
assembly
quality and szie
perofmance
weight
sustaianbility
features

66
Q

how does software aid the design process

A

reduced need for protoype and testing
simualtion
quicker appraoches to manfuactrue and modification

67
Q

exampels of optimisatiosn that may be cosnidered

A

structural
size
topology
material layout

68
Q

what are eco materials

A

materials that have a positive impact to envrio through whoel lfie cycles

69
Q

what si upcyclign

A

process fo utilisign unwanted products and repuprosing to meet new requriemnets

70
Q

examples of upcyclign

A

furtniture cut and paitned for timebr for sya new decorations

71
Q

what are white goods

A

larger electrical appliance and shti liek thta used in domestic enviorments, traditional when first avalble, coloured white

72
Q

examples of white goods

A

air conddtiorner
dish washer
fridge
washign machines
freezer
micro wave

73
Q

what are modular designs

A

where compelte products are made by inerhratign or combinign smaller parts taht are independen too eachother

74
Q

talk about the smaller parts in modular design

A

they are geenrally indpeendtly deisgned and manufatcured then fit into the form of a fianl rpoduct whn brought togther

75
Q

what does modualr design use

A

a range of different parts to make one bigger product

76
Q

what do teh idnidivual parts fo modular design fit into

A

a standard interace

77
Q

examples of modualr design

A

cars
phones
pcs and computures
futniture

78
Q

what does modualr design mran for consuemrs

A

parts can be removed replaced and shit for customsiation, repair et c

79
Q

hwo does modualr design simplfy assemblign processes

A

as it uses

standardised parts
a small variation fo parts
common parts which coudl eb sued across various compoenents

80
Q

examples of parts they may eb used in modular design fo say a pc thta could eb used elsewhere

A

siwtches on electrical componenets

FINAL DESIGN (43 decks)

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