3.2 Flashcards
what do design descions dictate
aroudn 70% of manufactruing costs
what is DFM
design for manufacture
what does DFM aim to do
reduce costs of production
exaampels fo ways DFM may reduce costs of product
minimsing number fo parts
standardised parts and feautures
effcint joining methods
symetrical parts
easily identifiable parts
reduced manfuactruing prorcesses
what is the dispsoal fo waste
an additioanl cost to manfuacturers
how may improved efficency be implemeneted
multi fucntional parts
multi use parts
symetricla parts
standardised fittings
how do symmetrical parts inc efficnecy
doesnt matter about orentation, emanign can be palced any way, reducign tiem and eror
hwo do multi fucntional and multi use parts icnrease efficny in manfuatcure
less production processes
combined designs
oen part can eb sued for many things
multi fucntional aprt examples
pritner can scan, pritn, copy, etc
stapler that hodls stapels
swiss army knife
sofa beds
moulds having hoels for screws set in
hwo ot ensure acciracy
jigs
formers
templates
moulds
fixtures - hold work in a given posititon
what do acuraate tolerances and finishes aid
ease fo productiion and icnreased effciency, as well as viability of costs
what do fewer parts mean
less processing time
redcued hadnling
reduced complciation in assembly
what shoudl also be considered when disucssing dfm, bar easier manufacture
the idea that it is aimign to imrpve production effiecny
exampels of processes that allow the creation fo complciated parts with few compoennets
injection moudling
die casting
what can mdoualr design do
simplify the assembly process
how can modular design sipmplify the assembly prorcess
standardised parts
reduced variation
common compoenets and parts
why are fastners avoided
they icnrease handlign adn production times
what will be used inplace of fastenrs
snap fits
tabs
singular mouldings
what will designers do to maxamise the opprotunity for reuse repair and miantainenece
consider hwo easy shit is to dismantle and acccess
how will designers make shit easier to access and dismantle
threaded connections
reducec coatings an coverings
easily identifiabel parts
multifunctonal parts
access panels
standardised shiit
swapabel lmodules
what will manfuactures consider to reduce enviro imapct
waste
hazardous materials and process
energy
what will designers increase to imrpove envro impact
opp for maintainence
better material chocies
pros of exteneding products life
good for enviro
cons of extendign products life
bad for sales
what can new tech, wear and reduced support do
make odler designs reducndant or obselete
what do new technolgoies brign problems about
system compatibility
what may manfuacturers do to imcrease consumer retntion
allow for compatitbility of products
software upgrades
implement new fucntiosn to products
with regards to maintainenece what will manufacturers do to get consumer retenetion
planned servcies
replacement parts
warranty
exampls of supports durign a products lfie
gauranetees and warranty
avability fo spare parts
software upgrades
help centrers
why may a product reach its EOL
release of new products
developemnt fo tech, maetrials, etc
fall in demand
planned obsceleneces
what is wood processignused to prodcue
timber
paper
boards and swmill
usual conevrsion fo trees
debark
cut to size
kiln dried
why may secondary processes take place on wood
to convert it to larger pieces or specific sizes adn lenghts
what treatement will be doen to wood in the secodnary stages fo manfuacture
heat resistance and rot reststant
how are polyemrs and syntheics made
crakcign crude oil
what si bad about the transpsortation of polymers and oil
can spill into seas and nature, damagign avst areas of enviroment
what nto to do when talkign abotu envrioebtal imapct
be avgue and general abotu the impact, be specific tothe process isnetad
what is the eart surroudn by
large layer fo gas
gases in the ozone layer
CO2
Methane
NO
what adds to the thickenss ofthe layer aroudn earth
green house gases
consequecnes of thicker layer aroudn eart
heat trappe and shti causign global warmign etc
what gases are there regualtion adn limtis on there emmssion
sulphur dixoide
nitrogen dixoise
polcycilcic aromatic hydrocarbosn
where wioll companies often outsource from
developing coutnries with low wage economies
what can faulty shit and poor quality products lead to
failiures
law suits
returns
product recalls
what does fair trade seek to enusre for farmers
safe and better workign conditions
fair pay
stable incoems
not exploited by large comapnies
products associated with fair trade
banana
tea
cocoa
cotton rice
aims of eti
promtoe fari working practcies
reudce and stop fored labour
stop rpdocuion fo non ethical products
what will MCS look to take advantage fo by workign in diff ccoutnries
interest rates
currency rates
cheap labour
cheap premsises costs
benefits of globalisation
new producst
diversity
cheaper shit
job creation
cons of globalsiation
exploitation of workers
dmaage to domestic comapies
what is suasatinabel development
development tat does not deplete natural resources faster than they can eb replaced
what must designers consider implciations on
enviro
society
economy
what are all design descisions
interlinked
what will desigenrs do to make products mroe susatainable
use the 6 rs
what are the 6Rs
rethink
reuse
recylice
repair
reduce
refuse
questions for rethink
how can it be better
is it energy effciecy
designed for dissasmebly
can i chaneg it to be envrio friedly
questions for reuse
whcih parts can eb used again
can it do other shit without reproceessign
questions for recycle
ease to take apart?
materiasl recyclable?
energy to re prorcess
questions for repair
which parts can be replaced or fixed
where failiure
hwo easy to repalce
questions for reudce
whast nto needed
can material be cut down
hwo to simplify
questions for refuse
is it neccessary
will ti last long
to costlu
unfashionabel?
what is DFD
design for dissasembly
What does dfd aid
EOL disposal or lengthenign lfie span
What may be cosnidered in DFD
Fewer parts
fewer fastners
Standardised peices
screws ratehr than bolts
no glues or finishes
dissasmbly isntructions
design optimsiation idnetifies the best chocies for what ]
material
method of man
assembly
quality and szie
perofmance
weight
sustaianbility
features
how does software aid the design process
reduced need for protoype and testing
simualtion
quicker appraoches to manfuactrue and modification
exampels of optimisatiosn that may be cosnidered
structural
size
topology
material layout
what are eco materials
materials that have a positive impact to envrio through whoel lfie cycles
what si upcyclign
process fo utilisign unwanted products and repuprosing to meet new requriemnets
examples of upcyclign
furtniture cut and paitned for timebr for sya new decorations
what are white goods
larger electrical appliance and shti liek thta used in domestic enviorments, traditional when first avalble, coloured white
examples of white goods
air conddtiorner
dish washer
fridge
washign machines
freezer
micro wave
what are modular designs
where compelte products are made by inerhratign or combinign smaller parts taht are independen too eachother
talk about the smaller parts in modular design
they are geenrally indpeendtly deisgned and manufatcured then fit into the form of a fianl rpoduct whn brought togther
what does modualr design use
a range of different parts to make one bigger product
what do teh idnidivual parts fo modular design fit into
a standard interace
examples of modualr design
cars
phones
pcs and computures
futniture
what does modualr design mran for consuemrs
parts can be removed replaced and shit for customsiation, repair et c
hwo does modualr design simplfy assemblign processes
as it uses
standardised parts
a small variation fo parts
common parts which coudl eb sued across various compoenents
examples of parts they may eb used in modular design fo say a pc thta could eb used elsewhere
siwtches on electrical componenets
