3.1 The Peridoic Table

Question 1

What did the periodic table used to be ordered by?

Answer 1

Arranged by properties

Question 2

Who first organised the periodic table in regular pattern

Answer 2

Newlands

Question 3

How did Newlands organise the periodic table?

Answer 3

In order of mass with similar properties

Question 4

What was Newlands theory of the Periodic table called?

Answer 4

The law of octaves

Question 5

Who was the scientist that next organised the periodic table and paved the way for the modern table?

Answer 5

Mendeleev

Question 6

What did Mendeleev order the periodic table in?

Answer 6

By atomic mass

Physical and chemical properties

Question 7

What did Mendeleev do that was profound?

Answer 7

He left gaps in the table for undiscovered elements and predicted their properties

Question 8

What helped shape the modern periodic table?

Answer 8

The discovery of protons and electrons enabled elements to now be arranged in proton number

Question 9

What is a group?

Answer 9

A vertical column

Question 10

What is a period?

Answer 10

A horizontal column

Question 11

What does another period signify in terms of subatomic particles?

Answer 11

As the period goes down another electron shell is added

Question 12

What are group 1 elements called?

Answer 12

The alkali metals

Question 13

Name some properties of alkali metals?

Answer 13

1 electron in the outer shell
Not very dense - floats on water
Very reactive with group 7 to produce salts
Conducts electricity
Reacts aggressively with water to produce an alkali solution
Produces a white compound
Low melting and boiling points

Question 14

What is the reactivity in group 1?

Answer 14

More reactive as it goes down

Question 15

Why does the reactivity of group 1 increase as it goes down?

Answer 15

The outer electron is further away from the nucleus
This is because there are more shells
So the attraction between the outer electron and the nucleus is weaker
Therefore the electron can be lost more easily making the element more reactive

Question 16

What gas is produced when group 1 elements react with water?

Answer 16

Hydrogen

Question 17

What happens when a more reactive group 1 reacts with water?

Answer 17

It reacts faster

Lilac sparks/flame is produced

Question 18

Name properties of the transition elements?

Answer 18

Conducts electricity 
Malleable and ductile 
Reacts less vigorously with water
Strong metallic bonds
High melting and boiling points
Stronger than group 1
Often coloured compounds
Used as catalyst

Question 19

What is group 7 called?

Answer 19

The halogens

Question 20

What are some properties of the Halogens?

Answer 20

Reacts with metal to form ionic compounds
Reacts with non-metals to form covalent bonds (molecules)
Low melting and boiling points
7 electrons in the outer shell

Question 21

What states are some halogens at room temperature?

Answer 21

Florine - Pale yellow gas
Chlorine - Green gas
Bromine - Red/brown liquid
Iodine - Grey solid

Question 22

What is the reactivity of group 7?

Answer 22

Reactivity increases as it goes up

Question 23

Why does the reactivity in group 7 increase upwards?

Answer 23

The attraction to the outer shell and the nucleus is stronger with less shells
This pulls electrons in quicker making it more reactive

Question 24

What happens in a reaction with two halogens?

Answer 24

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a compound