1.1 - Fundamental Ideas Flashcards
What are all substances made from?
Atoms
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom
About how many different elements are there?
120
What are atoms made up of
Sub atomic particles:
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
What relation are protons to electrons?
They have the same number in an atom
What is the mass and charge of a proton?
Mass: 1
Charge: +1
Where is a proton found?
In the nucleus
What is the mass and charge of an electron?
Mass: Negligible
Charge: -1
Where is an electron found?
In shells around the nucleus
What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
Mass: 1
Charge: 0
Where is a neutron found?
In the nucleus
Do atoms have a charge? Why?
No
They have equal number of protons and electrons to balance the charge out
What are the numbers in each shell for electron configuration?
2,8,8,8…
What is atomic mass?
Protons and neutrons combined
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons or electrons
Also called the proton number
What is an isotope?
An element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
What do isotopes have in common and difference with their original element?
In common: similar chemical properties
Different: physical properties
What is a group in the periodic table?
Vertical columns
Elements in the same group have what?
Similar chemical properties
Same number of electrons in the outer shell
What is group 0 and what is special about them?
They are the noble gases
They are very stable and unreactive as their outer shells are complete
What is a compound?
Two or more chemically combined elements
If a compound is made from metal and a non-metal what do they consist of?
Ionic bonding
Ions are formed
If a compound is made from non-metals what do they consist of?
Covalent bonding
Molecules
Briefly describe ionic bonding
Metals lose one or more electrons to form a positively charged ion
Non-metals gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion
Oppositely charged ions attract to form an ionic bond
Finish the sentence…
In a chemical equation the ….. and ….. are …….
Reactants and products are equal
In a chemical equation what must both sides be?
Balenced
