1.1 - Fundamental Ideas

Question 1

What are all substances made from?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance made of only one type of atom

Question 3

About how many different elements are there?

Answer 3

120

Question 4

What are atoms made up of

Answer 4

Sub atomic particles:
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons

Question 5

What relation are protons to electrons?

Answer 5

They have the same number in an atom

Question 6

What is the mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 6

Mass: 1
Charge: +1

Question 7

Where is a proton found?

Answer 7

In the nucleus

Question 8

What is the mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 8

Mass: Negligible
Charge: -1

Question 9

Where is an electron found?

Answer 9

In shells around the nucleus

Question 10

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 10

Mass: 1
Charge: 0

Question 11

Where is a neutron found?

Answer 11

In the nucleus

Question 12

Do atoms have a charge? Why?

Answer 12

No

They have equal number of protons and electrons to balance the charge out

Question 13

What are the numbers in each shell for electron configuration?

Answer 13

2,8,8,8…

Question 14

What is atomic mass?

Answer 14

Protons and neutrons combined

Question 15

What is the atomic number?

Answer 15

The number of protons or electrons

Also called the proton number

Question 16

What is an isotope?

Answer 16

An element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 17

What do isotopes have in common and difference with their original element?

Answer 17

In common: similar chemical properties

Different: physical properties

Question 18

What is a group in the periodic table?

Answer 18

Vertical columns

Question 19

Elements in the same group have what?

Answer 19

Similar chemical properties

Same number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 20

What is group 0 and what is special about them?

Answer 20

They are the noble gases

They are very stable and unreactive as their outer shells are complete

Question 21

What is a compound?

Answer 21

Two or more chemically combined elements

Question 22

If a compound is made from metal and a non-metal what do they consist of?

Answer 22

Ionic bonding

Ions are formed

Question 23

If a compound is made from non-metals what do they consist of?

Answer 23

Covalent bonding

Molecules

Question 24

Briefly describe ionic bonding

Answer 24

Metals lose one or more electrons to form a positively charged ion

Non-metals gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion

Oppositely charged ions attract to form an ionic bond

Question 25

Finish the sentence…

In a chemical equation the ….. and ….. are …….

Answer 25

Reactants and products are equal

Question 26

In a chemical equation what must both sides be?

Answer 26

Balenced