1.3 Metals

Question 1

What is a metal ore?

Answer 1

A rock that contains enough metal to make it economically worth extracting (make a profit)

Question 2

How are ores obtained?

Answer 2

They are mined

Question 3

What is a high grade ore?

Answer 3

An ore with a high percentage of metal (desirable and limited)

Question 4

What is a low grade ore?

Answer 4

An ore with a low percentage of metal

Question 5

What does a low grade or produce?

Answer 5

A lot of waste material

Question 6

In the reactivity series metals above carbon must be extracted by…?

Answer 6

Electrolysis

Question 7

In the reactivity series metals below carbon must be extracted by…?

Answer 7

Reduction using carbon or charcoal

Question 8

What is reduction?

Answer 8

The name of the chemical reaction when a metal is separated from it’s metal ore

Question 9

In the reactivity series metals below copper must be extracted by…?

Answer 9

Physical methods as they can be found as the metal they are

Question 10

What two elements are commonly bonded to metals in metal ores?

Answer 10

Oxygen and sulfur

Question 11

How can copper be extracted from a copper rich ore?

Answer 11

Smelting

Question 12

What is smelting? What does it produce for copper?

Answer 12

Heating an ore in a furnace

It produces impure copper

Question 13

How can impure copper be purified?

Answer 13

Using electrolysis

Question 14

What does smelting and electrolysis both require?

Answer 14

Huge amounts of energy and electricity

Question 15

What are scientists trying to do in regards to copper extraction?

Answer 15

Find different ways to extract copper from a low grade ore

Question 16

Name two new processes that can extract metals from their ore?

Answer 16

Phytomining

Bioleaching

Question 17

What is Phytomining?

Answer 17

Uses plants to grow on top of the ores and absorbing the metal compound
The plants concentrate the metal before being harvested
The plants are burned and produce ash
Where the metal can be extracted from

Question 18

What is Bioleaching?

Answer 18

Using bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain the metal compound

Question 19

How can copper be obtained from copper salt solution?

Answer 19

By electrolysis
Or
Displacement using scrap iron

Question 20

What properties do both Aluminium and Titanium have?

Answer 20

Low density

Resistant to corrosion

Question 21

Is Aluminium more or less reactive than Carbon? How is it extracted?

Answer 21

More reactive

It has to be extracted using electrolysis of molten Aluminium oxide

Question 22

What is conditions does Aluminium need for extraction?

Answer 22

High temperatures

A lot of electricity

Question 23

Is Aluminium cheap or expensive to extract?

Answer 23

Expensive

Question 24

How is Titanium extracted?

Answer 24

It is reduced by carbon?

Question 25

Why is Titanium extraction not effective?

Answer 25

The Titanium reacts with the carbon making it brittle

Question 26

What does Titanium extraction involve?

Answer 26

Many processes | Making it expensive

Question 27

What is an alloy?

Answer 27

A mixture of more than one element (usually metals)

Question 27

How is an alloy different from pure metal?

Answer 27

A pure metal has ordered layers that slide over each other An alloy is stronger, harder and rigid because the regular layers of metal are disrupted and the layers can no longer slide over each other

Question 28

How much iron content is retrieved in a blast furnace?

Answer 28

96% | With some impurities

Question 29

What does impurities to iron make it?

Answer 29

Brittle | Too soft

Question 30

What is iron often converted into?

Answer 30

Steel | An alloy of iron and carbon

Question 31

What are the three types of steel?

Answer 31

High carbon steel Low carbon steel Stainless steel

Question 32

Properties and examples of High carbon steel?

Answer 32

High percentage of carbon Hard and strong Not flexible Brittle Cutting tools, construction and manholes

Question 33

Properties and examples of Low carbon steel?

Answer 33

Low percentage of carbon Softer More flexible Car body panels

Question 34

Properties and examples of stainless steel?

Answer 34

Contains expensive elements (chronium and vernadium) Non-corrosive: doesn't rust Knives and forks

Question 35

Name some properties of transition elements?

Answer 35

``` Good conductors Malleable Strong Shiny Doesn't react with water ```

Question 36

What properties does copper have that make it useful?

Answer 36

Good conductor Can be bent Doesn't react with water Used in wiring and plumbing

Question 38

What is used for joint replacements? Why?

Answer 38

Titanium It is strong But light and not dense Non-corrosive

Question 39

Why should we recycle metals?

Answer 39

Extracting them limits resources Less waste material and damaging the land Uses less energy Less fossil fuels therefore less CO2