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AQA GCSE - Chemistry > 1.3 Metals > Flashcards

1.3 Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock that contains enough metal to make it economically worth extracting (make a profit)

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2
Q

How are ores obtained?

A

They are mined

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3
Q

What is a high grade ore?

A

An ore with a high percentage of metal (desirable and limited)

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4
Q

What is a low grade ore?

A

An ore with a low percentage of metal

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5
Q

What does a low grade or produce?

A

A lot of waste material

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6
Q

In the reactivity series metals above carbon must be extracted by…?

A

Electrolysis

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7
Q

In the reactivity series metals below carbon must be extracted by…?

A

Reduction using carbon or charcoal

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8
Q

What is reduction?

A

The name of the chemical reaction when a metal is separated from it’s metal ore

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9
Q

In the reactivity series metals below copper must be extracted by…?

A

Physical methods as they can be found as the metal they are

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10
Q

What two elements are commonly bonded to metals in metal ores?

A

Oxygen and sulfur

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11
Q

How can copper be extracted from a copper rich ore?

A

Smelting

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12
Q

What is smelting? What does it produce for copper?

A

Heating an ore in a furnace

It produces impure copper

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13
Q

How can impure copper be purified?

A

Using electrolysis

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14
Q

What does smelting and electrolysis both require?

A

Huge amounts of energy and electricity

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15
Q

What are scientists trying to do in regards to copper extraction?

A

Find different ways to extract copper from a low grade ore

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16
Q

Name two new processes that can extract metals from their ore?

A

Phytomining

Bioleaching

17
Q

What is Phytomining?

A

Uses plants to grow on top of the ores and absorbing the metal compound
The plants concentrate the metal before being harvested
The plants are burned and produce ash
Where the metal can be extracted from

18
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

Using bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain the metal compound

19
Q

How can copper be obtained from copper salt solution?

A

By electrolysis
Or
Displacement using scrap iron

20
Q

What properties do both Aluminium and Titanium have?

A

Low density

Resistant to corrosion

21
Q

Is Aluminium more or less reactive than Carbon? How is it extracted?

A

More reactive

It has to be extracted using electrolysis of molten Aluminium oxide

22
Q

What is conditions does Aluminium need for extraction?

A

High temperatures

A lot of electricity

23
Q

Is Aluminium cheap or expensive to extract?

A

Expensive

24
Q

How is Titanium extracted?

A

It is reduced by carbon?

25
Q

Why is Titanium extraction not effective?

A

The Titanium reacts with the carbon making it brittle

26
Q

What does Titanium extraction involve?

A

Many processes

Making it expensive

27
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of more than one element (usually metals)

27
Q

How is an alloy different from pure metal?

A

A pure metal has ordered layers that slide over each other

An alloy is stronger, harder and rigid because the regular layers of metal are disrupted and the layers can no longer slide over each other

28
Q

How much iron content is retrieved in a blast furnace?

A

96%

With some impurities

29
Q

What does impurities to iron make it?

A

Brittle

Too soft

30
Q

What is iron often converted into?

A

Steel

An alloy of iron and carbon

31
Q

What are the three types of steel?

A

High carbon steel
Low carbon steel
Stainless steel

32
Q

Properties and examples of High carbon steel?

A

High percentage of carbon
Hard and strong
Not flexible
Brittle

Cutting tools, construction and manholes

33
Q

Properties and examples of Low carbon steel?

A

Low percentage of carbon
Softer
More flexible

Car body panels

34
Q

Properties and examples of stainless steel?

A

Contains expensive elements (chronium and vernadium)
Non-corrosive: doesn’t rust

Knives and forks

35
Q

Name some properties of transition elements?

A 
Good conductors
Malleable
Strong
Shiny
Doesn't react with water
36
Q

What properties does copper have that make it useful?

A

Good conductor
Can be bent
Doesn’t react with water

Used in wiring and plumbing

38
Q

What is used for joint replacements? Why?

A

Titanium
It is strong
But light and not dense
Non-corrosive

39
Q

Why should we recycle metals?

A

Extracting them limits resources
Less waste material and damaging the land
Uses less energy
Less fossil fuels therefore less CO2

AQA GCSE - Chemistry (19 decks)

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