1.6 Plant And Vegetable Oils Flashcards
What are rich in oils?
Fruits, seeds and nuts
What two ways can oils be extracted from seeds?
Cold pressing
Distillation
What is cold pressing?
You crush the seeds together at under 40 degrees and oil should be extracted
You will then need to filter it
How is distillation used to extract oil from seeds?
You heat the seeds with water just underneath them and eventually water vapour and oil is carried upwards
It condenses in the tube and collects at the bottom
You separate the water vapour and oil in a separating funnel
Why are vegetable oils important foods and fuels?
They provide a lot of energy and nutrients
Do vegetable oils have a high or low boiling point?
High boiling point
Why do vegetable oils have a high boiling point?
They have strong intermolecular forces
What does the high boiling point of vegetable oils result in?
Quicker cooking
Better flavour
Increases energy released when eaten (not good for health)
What is a property of plant and vegetable oils?
Either
unsaturated - one carbon double bond
Or
Polyunsaturated - more than one carbon double bond
Why are animal fats and oils more unhealthy?
Saturated
They have many branches in the carbon chain
They clog arteries therefore increase cholesterol
What state is a fat at room temperature?
Solid
What state is an oil at room temperature?
A liquid
How do you created hydrogenated oils?
You react an unsaturated fat with hydrogen and a nickel catalyst at 60-65 degrees
What does hydrogen do when you react it with an unsaturated fat?
Hydrogen breaks the carbon double bond
What properties do hydrogenated oils have?
Higher melting points
Solids at room temperature (margarine)
