3.1 Cable Types And Connectors Flashcards
Twisted Copper Cabling
- pairs consist of two wires w/ equal and opposite signals
- cables are twisted to reduce cross-talk and EMI between
- different pairs in the same cable have different twist rates
- max length of 100 meters
Twisted Copper Cable Types
Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6e
- different cable category for different ethernet standards
- typically use RJ45, sometimes RJ11
- 4 twisted pairs
- Cat5e and higher will support PoE on all voltages
Category 5
1000BASE-T
100 meters
100 Mbit/s
Category 5e (enhanced)
1000BASE-T
100 meters
1 Gbit/s
Category 6
10GBASE-T
10 Gbit/s up to 55 meters unshielded
1 Gbit/s up to 100 meters shielded
Category 6a (augmented)
10GBASE-T
100 meters
10Gbit/s
Coaxial Cable
- two or more forms share a common axis
- copper cabling
- RG-6 coaxial used in television/digital cable and internet over broadband cable
- shielded
Plenum-rated Cable
Fire-rated cable jacket: FEP or PVC
Less flexible
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
- most common twisted pair cabling
- low cost, easy installation
- ethernet and telephone systems
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair
- additional shielding protects against interference
- shields each pair and/or whole cable
- requires cable to be grounded
- ethernet and telephone systems
Direct Burial STP
- cable in the ground
- waterproof
- conduit not always needed
- shielded twisted pair
Fiber Optic Cabling
- transmission by light
- signal is slow to degrade
- long distance
- no radio signal = no EMI or RFI, difficult to tap
Multi-mode vs Single-mode Fiber
Multi-mode:
- short range
- relatively inexpensive (ex. LED)
Single-mode:
- long range
- expensive, commonly uses lasers
568A and 568B
Cabling Standards
- guideline on how cables should be installed
- ex. the colors used for each pin
USB 1.1
Speeds up to 12 Mbits/s, 5 meters
USB 2.0
480 Mbits/s
5 meters
USB 3.0
5 Gbits/s
Max length not specified
3 meter length cable is common
USB 1.1/2.0 Connectors
Standard-A Plug
Standard-B Plug
Mini-B Plug
Micro-B Plug
USB 3.0 Connectors
Standard-A Plug (similar shape to 2.0)
Standard-B Plug
Micro-B Plug
USB 3.2
- doubled bandwidth with USB-C
USB 3.2 Gen 1x2
- 10 Gbps using two Gen 1
UBS 3.2 Gen 2x2
- SuperSpeed USB 20 Gbps using two Gen 2 lanes
Thunderbolt
- data and power on the same cable
- based on Mini DisplayPort standard
- max 3 meters for copper
- max 60 meters for fiber
- daisy chain up to 6 devices
Serial Console Cables
- asynchronous transmission
- commonly used for RS-232
- ex. DB-9 and DB-25
VGA
Video Graphics Array
- DB-15 connector
- three row, 15 pin
- blue
- video only, no audio
- analog
- image degrades after 5-10 meters
HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface
- video and audio signal
- digital
- 20 meters before signal loss
- 19 pin(Type A) connector
DisplayPort
- digital info sent in packetized form
- video and audio signal
- compatible w/ HDMI and DVI
DVI
Digital Visual Interface
- single link video: 3.7 Gbps
- dual link video: 7.4 GBPs
- no audio
DVI-A for analog signals
DVI-D for digital signals
DVI-I for digital and analog
SATA
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
- connection exclusively inside the computer for storage devices
- one power cable to the PSU and one data cable to the motherboard per storage device
- 15 pin power connector
- L-shaped 7 pin data connector
SATA cable speed
1.0: 1.5 Gbit/s, 1 meter
2.0: 3 Gbit/s, 1 meter
3.0: 6 Gbit/s, 1 meter
3.2: 16 Gbit/s, 1 meter
eSATA
- external storage device connection
- SATA standard
- 2~ meters
SCSI
Small Computer Systems Interface
- connects to storage devices, scanners, printers, etc.
- daisy-chain up to 16 devices
- different standards with different interfaces and cables
- parallel SCSI requires termination
SCSI ID and LUN
- every SCSI device on a single bus is assigned its own ID number
- LUN(logical unit number) are defined within each SCSI ID
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
- serial connection instead of parallel
- increased throughput
point-to-point connection:
- no more daisy chains
- no termination required
PATA or IDE
Parallel ATA
- originally called Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
- originally 40 wire ribbon cable with 40 pins
- 80 wire ribbon cable was used as speeds increased
-supports two devices on a single PATA connection
Adapters and Converters
- convert between different connectors that are electrically compatible
- convert from one format to another
RJ 11 connector
6 position, 2 conductor
Telephone or DSL connection
RJ45
8 position, 8 conductor
Most commonly used for ethernet
Modular connector
F-connector
Cable TV
Cable modem
DOCSIS
RG-59/RG-6 cabling
Punchdown Block
Wire-to-wire patch panel
Wires are punched into the block
110 block: newer, used in computer networks
66 block: older, used in analog telephone systems
USB-C
24 pin double sided
Used for both hosts and devices
Molex Connector
- 4 pin peripheral power connector
- +12 V and +5 V
- provides power from power supply to internal devices (storage devices, optical drives, fans, etc).
Lightning
- Apple proprietary
- higher power output compared to micro usb
- getting replaced by USB-C
Db-9
- D-sub
- commonly used for RS-232
- 9 pin
LC
Local Connector
- Used for fiber
- small form factor
- high efficiency
- most common nowadays
ST Connector
Straight Tip
- Used for fiber
- common for corporate networks and military applications
SC
Subscriber Connector
- aka square connector
- used for fiber
- suited for datacoms and telecom applications
Mini-USB and Micro-USB
- used for mobile devices, peripherals, and storage devices
- data transfer
- mainly used to charge portable electronics
- being replaced by USB-C
Straight- through vs crossover ethernet cables
Straight-through:
- connects devices that operate at different layers of the network model
- ex. Computer and switch
Crossover:
- connects devices operating at the same level of the network
- ex. Two switches
Patch Cable
Basically a short ethernet cable
Thunderbolt 1
- 10 Gbit/s x 2 channels
- 20 Gbit/s total throughput
- MDP connector
Thunderbolt 2
- 20 Gbit/s aggregated channels
- MDP connector
Thunderbolt 3
- 40 Gbit/s aggregated throughput
- USB-C connection
