2.4 Network Services Flashcards
DNS
Domain Name System
- convert domain names to IP addresses and vice versa
- businesses may have many different DNS servers that split the work load
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- automatically assign IP address and configure devices on IP networks
- available on most routers
- multiple DHCP servers provide redundancy should one become available
Fileshare Server
- centralized storage of documents, spreadsheets, pictures, etc.
- any connected device has access
- Windows communicates with SMB
- macOS communicates with AFP
Print Servers
- connect printer to the network
- may require software in a connected computer
- all other devices will send print jobs to this computer
- others may have network adapter and software built into printer -> direct connection to ethernet or wireless network
- printing protocols: SMB, IPP, LPD
Mail Servers
- sends and receives mail
- usually managed by ISP, cloud-based service, or the enterprise IT department
- very important: 24/7 support
Syslog
- standard for message logging
- usually a central logging receiver
- requires a lot of disk space
Web Server
- responds to browser requests
- HTTP/HTTPS
- web pages are stored on the server
- static pages or built dynamically in real-time
Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting (AAA)
- security framework for controlling and tracking user access within a network
Authentication: - identifying the user
- username and password
- biometrics or access badge
Authorization: - user must be authorized to perform certain tasks
Accounting: - measuring how many resources the user consumes
- time and data used
Very important: redundant servers are common
Spam Gateways
- stops spam before it reaches the user
- can be stored in the cloud
- once the mail is scanned, it can be sent to the internal network and stored in the mail server
Unified Threat Management (UTM)
- aka Next-Generation Firewall
- multiple security features or services are combined into a single device or service in the network:
- spam filter, URL filter, malware inspection
Load Balancers
- distributes traffic to multiple servers
- efficient
- large-scale implementations
- TCP offload and SSL offload
Proxy Server
- additional security
- client makes request to proxy -> proxy sends request to third-party server
- proxy examines the response for any malicious threats -> sends response to client
SCADA/ICS
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System/ Industrial Control System
- management of industrial processes
- real-time data collection and process control
Legacy/ embedded systems
Legacy systems:
- outdated systems that are still in use
Embedded systems:
- devices or softwares that has a specific function within a larger system
ex. Alarm system, time card system
IoT (Internet of Things) devices
- nonstandard computing hardware that connect can connect to wireless networks
Ex. Sensors, smart devices, smart doorbell, appliances
