3.1-2 Study Guide Flashcards
Why are carbon atoms versatile building blocks?
They are able to form 4 stable, Covalent bonds
What are parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions called?
Functional Groups
What do functional groups do to hydrocarbons?
They make them hydrophilic -> Increase solubility in water.
What do functional groups do to organic molecules?
They give them distinct properties.
What are the first three types of bonds?
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, and Carboxyl.
How many of the first three types of bonds are polar?
All three are polar.
How is the carboxyl group different from the other two?
It has a negative charge.
What are the next four types of bonds?
Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, and Methyl.
Which of the bonds are positively charged and negatively charged?
Amino= Positive Charge
Phosphate = Negative ChargeWh
Which of the bonds are polar and nonpolar?
Sulfhydryl = Polar (Very Slightly)
Methyl = Nonpolar
What are the symbols for the bonds?
Amino = NH2
Sulfhydryl = SH
Phosphate = PO4
Methyl = CH3
What is the diversity of molecules?
When you substitute other atoms or groups around the carbon. Ex: Ethane vs. Ethanol
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.
What is different with an isomer besides the structure?
They have different chemical properties and different biological functions.
What happens during hydrolysis?
Water is added to a polymer and it is broken apart into monomers.
What happens during a dehydration synthesis reaction?
Monomers come together and their OH and H bond together to form a bond and release water.
What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?
Monomers come together to form polymers.
What are the two factors that affect the polymer’s properties?
The length of the chain, and the type of monomers used to form that polymer.
What is the opposite of a condensation reaction?
A hydrolysis reaction
What kind of bond forms when you have COOH in the molecule?
A Carboxyl bond.
What kind of bond forms when you have NH2 in the molecule?
An amino bond
What kind of bond forms when you have PO4 in the molecule?
A phosphate bond
What kind of bond forms when you have SH in the molecule?
A sulfhydryl bond
What kind of bond forms when you have COH in the molecule?
A Carbonyl bond
What kind of bond forms when you have OH in the molecule?
A hydroxyl bond.
How are polymers formed?
By a process called polymerisation
