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Question 1

Which technique is useful for diagnosing interdental carious lesions in anterior teeth?

Answer 1

Transillumination

Question 2

Why should unexposed X-rays be stored correctly?

Answer 2

Pressure can transfer one film to another

Question 3

What is the principle objective of quality assurance according to DoH?

Answer 3

Ensuring the production of good diagnostic quality radiographs

Question 4

What is the role of the RPS?

Answer 4

Ensure compliance with local rules

Question 5

What X-ray gives the best view to detect a fractured neck of condyle?

Answer 5

OPG

Question 6

Who formulates contingency plans for the malfunction of X-ray equipment?

Answer 6

RPA

Question 7

What must be considered when taking X-rays?

Answer 7

If it is clinically justified

Question 8

The risk of what is increased if you are overexposed to radiation?

Answer 8

Damaging chromosomes

Question 9

When can a faded image occur?

Answer 9

Inadequate developing time

Question 10

Why should stock of X-ray films be rotated?

Answer 10

So films do not go out of date

Question 11

When must an RPS be appointed in a dental workplace?

Answer 11

Any workplace using ionising radiation needs an RPS

Question 12

What are horizontal bitewings useful for diagnosing?

Answer 12

Interproximal areas of posterior teeth

Question 13

What happens if you don’t replace the lid of the developer tank after use?

Answer 13

Oxidation can occur

Question 14

What grade is given if an error has occurred where it prevents a diagnosis being made?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

What is IRR 1999

Answer 15

Relates to safety of workers and patients and provides guidance on specific equipment to ensure safety
Makes sure X-ray machines are serviced correctly
IRR states must appoint an RPA and RPS
Higher radiation risk = greater requirements for safety

Question 16

What is IRMER?

Answer 16

To protect patients and regulate how much radiation a person receives
Aim to make dose ALARP
Ensures all X-rays are clinically justified
Consider costs and benefits of the exposure
Must carry out risk assessment for all equipment and RPA review this every 3-5 years

Question 17

What are local rules?

Answer 17

Rules specific to each X-ray machine
Written by RPA, enforced by RPS
Should contain contingency plans, description of designated area, summary of working instructions, dose investigation level

Question 18

What is the radiation protection file for?

Answer 18

Compliance with IRR2017
Contains all information about X-ray machines, audits, inventory of equipment, servicing records, names of RPA and RPS and how to contact them

Question 19

Risks of primary beam

Answer 19

Localised acute exposure which can cause burns to skin or soft tissue damage

Question 20

Risks of scatter radiation

Answer 20

Spreads out in random directions
Exposure to radiation can damage DNA in body cells and increase risk of cancer later in life
Risk is reduced if you use collimator to direct beam

Question 21

What is the purpose of lead foil in traditional radiographic films?

Answer 21

Absorb most of radiation
Lead foil should be furthest away from X-ray tube during exposure

Question 22

What is the purpose of an intensifying screen in extra oral cassette?

Answer 22

Used to convert X-ray beam to visible light by photoelectric effect so image can be seen
The screens are made of phosphor

Question 23

What are the stages of automatic processing?

Answer 23

Exposure, developer, fixer, wash and then dry

Question 24

Stages of direct digital processing

Answer 24

Only involves exposure and then instant processing

Question 25

Stages of indirect digital processing

Answer 25

Digital image needs to be processed but involves exposure, cleaning, scanning and then saving image

Question 26

What is a step wedge test used for?

Answer 26

Uses equipment in various gradients of density so you can see radiolucency on image
Carried out to make sure processor is working correctly and exposure level is correct

Question 27

Methods of mounting images

Answer 27

Place film in mount with pimple facing up - can see image as if they are looking directly at patient
Place film in mount with pimple facing down - can see image as though they are looking in patient’s mouth

Question 28

What is a bitewing taken for?

Answer 28

Assess interproximal areas and check for caries in these regions
Check for overhangs
Check for secondary caries under fillings

Question 29

What is a vertical bitewing for?

Answer 29

Shows extended view of posteriors, taken to see periodontal bone levels and true periodontal pockets of posterior teeth

Question 30

Why is a periapical taken?

Answer 30

Shows one or two teeth in full length to view the area in close detail

Question 31

What is an anterior occlusal taken for?

Answer 31

View area for unerupted teeth, supernumerary teeth and cysts

Question 32

What is a DPT taken for?

Answer 32

Shows both jaws in full, taken for orthodontics and wisdom tooth assessments, as well as diagnosing jaw fractures

Question 33

What is a lateral oblique taken for?

Answer 33

Shows posterior part of one side of mandible, used as an alternative to DPT to view position of unerupted 8s

Question 34

What quality checks should be carried out when assessing films?

Answer 34

How readable is the film
Is a fault present - what is it?
How has this occurred
How can it be prevent from reoccurring
Is re-exposure of the patient necessary?

Question 35

What is the purpose of quality assurance system?

Answer 35

Analyses all radiographs to identify commonly occurring problems
Use universal grading system of quality

Question 36

What is a step wedge test used to determine?

Answer 36

Qualify of developer solution