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Dental Nursing > 304 > Flashcards

304 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a group of specialised cells that carry out a particular function in the body called?

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Which condition is considered pre malignant so requires a referral?

A

Erythroplakia

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3
Q

Which bacterium is associated with the early onset of dental caries?

A

Streptococcus

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4
Q

What is the most posterior area of the maxilla?

A

Tuberosity

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5
Q

Which foramen allows inferior dental nerve to pass out of mandible and into surrounding tissues to supply them with sensation?

A

Mental foramen

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6
Q

Contraction of which muscle pulls the mandible backwards and closed?

A

Temporalis

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7
Q

Which anatomical feature prevents the jaw from dislocating during jaw movements?

A

Articular eminence

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8
Q

What structure prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during swallowing?

A

Soft palate

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9
Q

Which term refers to the area where the roots of a multirooted tooth join together?

A

Furcation

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10
Q

What term describes the specialised oral soft tissue that is directly attached to the tooth?

A

Junctional epithelium

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11
Q

What bones form the temporomandibular joint?

A

Head of condyle and temporal bone

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12
Q

Describe enamel

A

Made of ameloblasts, covers crown of tooth, made of minerals, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins (hydroxyapatites)
Can be strengthened using fluoride to form stronger fluorapatites

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13
Q

What is primary dentine?

A

Dentine you are born with, formed before tooth eruption
Made from minerals, calcium, phosphate and vitamins A and D
Yellow in appearance and goes brown when bacteria demineralises it (caries)

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14
Q

What is secondary dentine?

A

Formed after tooth eruption and promoted by caries, sensitivity and calcium hydroxide
Covered by enamel
Covered in root aspect of tooth by cementum, perio ligament and alveolar bone

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15
Q

Structure of secondary dentine?

A

Formed in tubules with nerve fibrils, 80% inorganic so is sensitive
Formed by odontoblasts

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16
Q

Structure of secondary dentine?

A

Formed in tubules with nerve fibrils, 80% inorganic so is sensitive
Formed by odontoblasts

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17
Q

What is the pulp?

A

Organic tissue filled with blood vessels, connective tissues, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Pink if healthy, red if inflamed

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18
Q

How can you check a pulp’s vitality?

A

Ethyl chloride, electronic pulp testers, testing with heat

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19
Q

What is the natural opening in the bone where nerves and tissues flow into known as?

A

Apical foramen

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20
Q

What is cementum?

A

Thin layer covering root of tooth
Made of minerals and connective tissues and formed with cementoblasts
Keeps teeth in place and gets thicker with time
takes nutrients from perio ligaments

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21
Q

What is the periodontal ligament?

A

Forms a thin but strong layer around root of tooth, supports tooth in socket by forming attachment between compact bone and cementum
Sensitive to pain and pressire

22
Q

What is the gingival crevice?

A

Where the tooth meets the gums
Sits around the cuffs of the tooth
“Skin of the tooth”

23
Q

What is the temporal bone?

A

Forms side of head, protects temporal lobe and as well as cranial nerves

24
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

Bone that forms the cheek, also where masseter muscle originates from

25
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

Bone structure behind central upper incisors

26
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Behind hard palate, stops food from going up into sinus as well as directing food down to aid swallowing

27
Q

What is the rugae and what is its job?

A

Rigid tissue covering hard palate
Helps with sucking and talking

28
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

Pointed process sticking up at front of mandible

29
Q

What is the lamina dura/compact bone?

A

Encloses around roots of tooth and lies next to alveolar bone and perio ligament

30
Q

What is the posterior superior nerve?

A

Covers second and third molars and buccal gum
Can do a nerve block to anaesthetise this nerve so both molars and their buccal gingivae are numbed

31
Q

What is the middle superior nerve?

A

Covers premolars, first molar and buccal gum

32
Q

What is the anterior superior nerve?

A

Covers upper incisors, canines and buccal gum

33
Q

What is the lingual nerve?

A

Covers 2/3 of tongue and numbing this nerve will numb lingual side of mouth

34
Q

What is the mental nerve?

A

Supplies lower lip, buccal mucosa, as well as incisors, canines and first premolars

35
Q

What is the inferior dental nerve?

A

Supplies all lower teeth and lip
Provides sensation to lower molars, premolars, chin and lower lip

36
Q

Where are the salivary glands?

A

Parotid - under ear on outside of ramus
Submandibular - in submandibular fossa inside angle of mandible
Sublingual - in sublingual fossa (pit on inner body of mandible)

37
Q

Composition of saliva

A

99% water
Contains proteins, enzymes, waste products, gases, lymphocytes, food and minerals

38
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

Herpes varicella

39
Q

What virus causes shingles?

A

Herpes zoster

40
Q

What virus causes cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex/herpes labialis

41
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Teeth, surrounding tissues, muscles and some suprahyoid muscles

42
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A

Some taste sensation, some salivary glands and muscles of facial expression

43
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Some taste sensations, parotid salivary glands and muscles of pharynx

44
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

A

Muscles of anterior 2/3 of tongue, geniohyoid muscle of suprahyoids

45
Q

Explain temporalis muscle

A

Originates at temporal bone
Inserts at coronoid process of mandible
Pulls mandible backwards and closed

46
Q

Explain masseter muscle

A

Originates at zygomatic arch
Inserts at outer surface of mandibular ramus and angle
Closes the mandible

47
Q

Explain buccinator

A

Cheek muscle, connects muscular wall of throat to obicularis oris
Helps with chewing movements
Is attached above and below outer surface of alveolar process

48
Q

Explain orbicularis oris

A

Runs between rings and into surrounding tissues to allow movement of lips, mouth, eyelids and nostrils

49
Q

Explain mylohyoid and geniohyoid

A

Both insert in hyoid bone and lift it and lift larynx when swallowing

50
Q

Explain TMJ

A

Formed between head of condyle and temporal bone
Condyle rests in glenoid fossa when mouth is closed

51
Q

What is articular eminence?

A

Front edge of glenoid fossa formed into a ridge

Dental Nursing (12 decks)

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