304 This Year Flashcards
edical Pharmacology
.1 Which of the following drug and clinical application match is wrong?
A. Allopurinol-chronic gout, adjunct to chemotherapy
B. Probenecid- chronic gout, prolongation of antimicrobial drug action C. Colchicine- chronic & acute gout, familial Mediterranean fever
D. Paracetamol- anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic
E. Aspirin-analgesia, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic
D. Paracetamol- anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic
- Which of the following drug or drug group and related toxicity match is wrong? A. Ibuprofen- GI toxicity, nephrotoxicity
B. Celecoxib- Nephrotoxicity, less risk of GIS toxicity than nonselective NSAIDs, greater risk of thrombosis than nonselective NSAIDs
C. Paracetamol- Hepatotoxicity in overdose
D. DMARDs- Opportunistic infections & reactivation of latent tuberculosis
E. Probenecid- Renal cancer
E. Probenecid- Renal cancer
Which of the following statement for the acute kidney injury (AKI), the sequelae of crush injury is wrong?
A. The development of AKI can be multifactorial
B. Crush syndrome can cause AKI due to the directly nephrotoxic effects of heme products and the tubular obstruction by myoglobin and urate crystals
C. Hypotension & hypoperfusion may also contribute to AKI
D. There is no risk of hemodialysis
E. Older individuals and those with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk
for progression to end-stage kidney disease
D
W4. Which of the following herbal or nutritional supplement and its common intended use match is correct?
A. Garlic- Acute coronary syndrome, angina pectoris
B. Milk thistle- Antidote to Amanita mushroom poisoning .C Glucosamine- Diabetes
D. Melatonin- Hypertension E. Echinacea- Pneumonia
B. Milk thistle- Antidote to Amanita mushroom
- Which of the following statements about the dietary supplements
and herbal medications is wrong?
A. They are available with prescription
B. They are marketed in US and in Turkiye without FDA or other governmental
premarketing review of efficacy or safety
C. There is little government oversight of purity, variations in potency, or adverse effects
D. For many of them, evidence from controlled clinical studies for their medical effectiveness is incomplete or nonexistent
E. Most of them are not pure substances
A. They are available with prescription
6.
A. Continue preop. meds
B. Continue iv fluids
C. Continue eye drops as required
D. Stop Ciprofloxacin, give Cefalexin 500 mg tb, per oral, q8h, for 5days
E. Insulin, SC, p r blood glucose over 150
D. Stop Ciprofloxacin, give Cefalexin 500 mg tb, per oral, q8h, for 5days
7.
Which of the following is the most favorable prescription?
A. Paracetamol, 500 mg tb, swallow one tablet with water fi axillary temperature si over 38,5° ,C minimum 6 hours between doses
B. Paracetamol, 500 mg, tid, prn
C. Paracetamol tb, 98h, prn temp. over 38,5° C
D. Paracetamol, 500 mg, 98h, PO, prn temp. over 38,50 C
E. Paracetamol tb, PO, take as directed
A. Paracetamol, 500 mg tb, swallow one tablet with water fi axillary temperature si over 38,5° ,C minimum 6 hours between doses
8.
Which of the following is not an example for irrational drug use?
A. Use of too many medicines per patient (polypharmacy)
B. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials, often in inadequate dosage and for non-bacterial infections
C. Over-use of injections when oral formulations would be more appropriate
D. Failure to prescribe in accordance with clinical guidelines
E.Avoiding perverse financial incentives while prescribing
E.Avoiding perverse financial incentives while prescribing
9.
Which of the following is not advocated by WHO to promote rational drug use? A. Development and use of national essential medicines list
B. Inclusion of problem-based pharmacotherapy training in undergraduate curricula
C. Prescribing drugs based on own personal financial incentives
D. Continuing in-service medical education as licensure requirement
E. Establishment of drug and therapeutics committees in districts and hospital
C. Prescribing drugs based on own personal financial incentives
- Which of the following statements about the procedure for preparing and drawing medications into a syringe is wrong?
A. Medication should be verified (type, route, dose, the place of storage, expiration date)
B. The needle should never be contaminated, any contamination of the needle may cause infection
C. The needle should be inspected for rough edges that could tear the patient’s skin during injection
D. The health care personnel is responsible for the maintaining sterility of equipment during the procedure
E. Checking the medication for defects like any foreign particles in the solution and color of the solution si not needed
E. Checking the medication for defects like any foreign particles in the solution and color of the solution si not needed
- Which of the following
is not acontraindication of intramuscular injection?
A. Active infection, cellulitis, or dermatitis at the site of administration
B. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug
C. Noncompliant or uncooperative or reluctant patient
D. Thrombocytopenia and/or coagulation defects E. Myopathies
C. Noncompliant or uncooperative or reluctant patien
- Which of the following principles of drug therapy ni the geriatric
patient is wrong?
A. Taking a careful drug history
B. Starting with usual adult doses, titration of dose to the desired response is not needed
C. Prescribing only for a specific and rational indication
D. Maintaining high index of suspicion regarding drug reactions and interactions including the other drugs and herbals patient is taking
E. Defining the goal of a drug therapy
B. Starting with usual adult doses, titration of dose to the desired response is not needed
- Which of the following statements related with the “summary of product characteristics (SmPC)” is wrong?
A. Trade or generic name of a drug can be used when searching for a drug’s SmPC
B. In Turkiye, the equivalent of SmPC is “ Kisa Ürün Bilgisi- KÜB”, in the United States the equivalent of SmPC is the United States Prescribing Information (USPI)
.C nI Turkiye SmPC of drugs can also be searched from the website of Tuckish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (Türkiye Ila ve Tibbi Chaz Kurumu-TITCK)
D. SmPC is a document describing the properties and the officially approved conditions ofuse of a medicine
.E Information about the pharmaceutical form of the medicine is not included in SmPC
E Information about the pharmaceutical form of the medicine is not included in SmPC
- Which of the following statements about the sedative-hypnotic drugs and their use ni the elderly is wrong?
A. Many benzodiazepines’ and barbiturates’ half-lives increase
B. Due to age-related decline in renal function their elimination may decrease
C. Side effects like ataxia may lead to increased falls & fractures
D. These drugs should be used carefully by titration
E. Benzodiazepines don’t have any active metabolites
E. Benzodiazepines don’t have any active metabolites
- The elderly has increased incidence of which of hte following conditions?
A. Atherosclerosis
B. ТуреIDM
C. Measles
D. HepatitisA
E. Congenital heart disease
A. Atherosclerosis
- A 68-year-old man has chronic kidney disease with a serum creatinine level of 2
mg/L. He has to use an antibiotic that needs renal dosage adjustment. Which of the following dosage should be prescribed according to the estimated creatinine clearance
(CrCI) and the chart from the Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. His body weight is 50 kg.
Estimated CrCI (ml/min)=(140-Age) X (Weight in kg) / 72 × Serum creatine in mg/dL
Vichy
- Which of the following is not the radiologic finding of osteoarthritis?
A.
B. C.
Joint space narrowing Subchondral sclerosis Osteophyte formation
D. Subchondralcyst
E. Soft tissue swelling
E. Soft tissue swelling
- Which of the below is wrong about osteoarthritis?
A. Articular cartilage is mainly composed of tissue fluid, Type I Collagen and proteoglycans.
B. Genetics, gender (female), age and obesity are the risk factors for osteoarthritis.
C. Chronicpain,jointinstability,stiffnessandjointdeformitiesaremajorsigns and symptoms of osteoarthritis.
D. Small joints of the hand and foot, knee joint and hip joint are commonly affected.
E. Heberden’s node and Bouchard’s nodes are small bony growths that appear at the foot.
E. Heberden’s node and Bouchard’s nodes are small bony growths that appear at the foot.
- Which item is wrong about NCDs (non-communicable diseases)?
A. NCDs are collectively responsible for not more than half of all deaths worldwide.
B. The four major risks for NCDs are: Tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets.
C. WHO’s (World Health Organisation) mission is to provide “surveillance, prevention and control of NCDs.
D. Development, Poverty, SES (Socio Economic Status) . . . are among “causes of causes” for NCDs.
E. The main motto to prevent NCSs is “Follow a healthy lifestyle”
A
- Which item is correct about adult / adult health, adulthood?
A. Being or status of “minor” means <18 years
of age, as a legal definition in general.
B. Less than half of older adults have at least one chronic health condition.
C. The 4 major warning signs for adults are chronic weight loss, decreasing bowel sounds, shortness of muscle power and hypertension.
D. Adult health screening tests are not an important part of preventive adult health care.
E. Blood pressure goal should be below 150/95 unless your doctor sets a different cut off.
A. Being or status of “minor” means <18 years
of age, as a legal definition in general
- Which choice is correct to fulfil the omitted word / phrase for the expression below?
“Poor indoor air quality
can trigger
•andleads to-
A. episodes of Legionnaires’ disease, irritation of the bowels
B. asthma attacks, sick building syndrome C. skin diseases, psychosis
D. worksite accidents, industrial explosions
E. kidney cancers, infertility
B
- Which choice is correct for definitions of related technical terms below?
A. An outbreak means severely more disease than expected.
B. Hyperendemic refers to persistent, high levels of disease occurrence.
C. Cluster refers to degradation of cases grouped in place and time.
D. Direct implications of zoonotic diseases are seen on health professionals & general public.
E. A small variety of animal species, domestic & wild, act as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens.
B. Hyperendemic refers to persistent, high levels of disease occurrence.
- Which argument si wrong about dynamics of contagious diseases?
A. The complex nature of the human-animal interface is constantly influenced by the effects
of climate change.
B. Geoclimatic change most markedly affects zoonotic diseases transmitted by arthropod
vectors.
C. The re-emergence of zoonotic diseases is not driven by pathogen adaptation and animal
migration.
D. The efects of climate change are predicted ot be worse for the developing World.”
E. The Centres for Diseases Control & Prevention-CDC has outlined 10+ priority actions to address climate change.
C. The re-emergence of zoonotic diseases is not driven by pathogen adaptation and animal
migration.
- More specifically, an epidemic may result from, except?
A. A recent increase in amount or virulence of the agent.
B. The recent introduction of the agent into a setting where it has not been before.
C. An enhanced mode of transmission so that less susceptible persons are exposed.
D. Epidemics occur when an agent and susceptible hosts are present in adequate numbers.
E. Epidemics occur when the agent can be effectively conveyed from a source to the hosts.
C. An enhanced mode of transmission so that less susceptible persons are exposed.
- Which item is wrong about pathogenesis of infectious diseases?
A. Nature canhelpustounderstandhealthcrises,wheretheycomefrom.
B. Nature can help us how the socio-economic fallout from such disasters can be mitigated.
C. The three main components of infection chain are agent / host / port of entry.
D. The main strategy for halting an epidemic is breaching the weakest loop of infection
chain.
E. Communicable disease prevention cannot be focused on basic risk reduction principles.
E
- The UDHR (Universal Declaration on Human Rights) imposes, except?
A. Everyone has the right to work.
B.
All workers is free to choice o f employment.
C.
The UDHR approves: Labor has the right to just (fair) and favorable conditions of work.
D.
Everybody has the right to protection against unemployment.
E. UDHR describes: Occupational diseases are hte exposure ot risk factors arising frgm work activities and the diseases) contracted by the worker.
E. UDHR describes: Occupational diseases are hte exposure ot risk factors arising frgm work activities and the diseases) contracted by the worker.
- Which statement is wrong about air pollution?
A.
Pollution of air at the workplace, being indoors in the work premises, or during work outdoors.
B.
WHO General Programme of Work (2019-23) states climate change / disaster mitigation. C.
Air pollution may be classified by outdoor, household and workplace air pollution.
D. PM1o can also reach the alveoli and may cause pneumoconiosis.
E. Healthier technologies and fuels ensure all populations breathe air that meets the standards of WHO’s Air Quality Guidelines.
D. PM1o can also reach the alveoli and may cause pneumoconiosis.
- Which choice is correct considering the prevention of occupational exposure?
A. Thepreventionofoccupationalexposuretoworkplaceairpollutiondoesnotneed
a well-established hierarchy of interventions.
B. Priority is given to elimination or substitution of the occupational hazard, as the most effective intervention
C. Engineering controls to reduce exposure, such as encapsulation, local and general ventilation and wet processes must take the top priority.
D. The well effective measures for control of air pollution are administrative controls. E. Use of personal protective equipment for respiratory protection si the #I measure.
B. Priority is given to elimination or substitution of the occupational hazard, as the most effective intervention
- Which item is wrong about radiation & human health?
A. Radiation can damage the DNA in our cells.
B. High doses of radiation can cause acute radiation syndrome and/or cutaneous radiation
injuries.
C. “Becquerel (Bq) “ is used as the unit of the radiation exposure
dose necessary to know the effect of radiation to which a person is exposed.
D. High doses of radiation could lead to cancer later in life.
E. Radioactive materials emit radiation, and this ability is called as “radioactivity”
C. “Becquerel (Bq) “ is used as the unit of the radiation exposure
- Which of the following is correct about radiation &human health?
A.
In general, beta, gamma and x-ray radiation can be stopped by simple tools.
B.
The three main protective measures are reducing time / increasing distance / use of shielding.
C.
A risk of radiation-induced hereditary effects has been definitively demonstrated in human populations.
D. Time required for the amount of the radionuclides outside the body to reduce to half is
biological half-life.
E. Deterministic effects are also referred to as “tissue reactions” or stochastic effects.
B The three main protective measures are reducing time / increasing distance / use of shielding.
