300-309

Question 1

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GUWpFWFRrbTlJdTQ

Answer 1

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GeFBpOUlGeUhLSnM

Question 2

Function as barriers, separating the contents of cells and organelles

Answer 2

PM

Question 3

Asymmetric sheetlike structures consisting of an outer and an inner

surface.

■ Outer: More carbohydrates (glycoproteins, glycolipids) and

glycosphingolipids.

■ Inner: More phospholipids.

Answer 3

Plasma mem.

Question 4

PM

Answer 4

Selectively permeable, enabling only small, nonpolar molecules (O2,

CO2, etc) and water to easily pass.

■ Contain lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in varying ratios.

Question 5

PM

Answer 5

Lipids and integral proteins generally interact noncovalently, allowing molecules

to move freely within the membrane

Question 6

;ipids

Answer 6

Form an amphipathic lipid bilayer suspended in water with hydrophilic

head groups (on the outer and inner surfaces) and hydrophobic tail groups

(on the inside of the bilayer).

Question 7

Phospholipids

■ Phosphoglycerides

Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin)

Phosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

■ Phosphatidylserine

■ Phosphatidyinositol

■ Sphingomyelin

Answer 7

Types of plasma membrane lipids:

Question 8

Glycosphingolipids

■ Galactoceramide

■ Glucosylceramide

■ Gangliosides

■ Cholesterol and other steroids

Answer 8

PM lipids

Question 9

Function as receptors, transport channels, enzymes, antigens, and other

structural components

Answer 9

proteins

Question 10

Integral: Amphipathic proteins that are embedded within either one or

both (traverse the entire membrane) portions of the lipid bilayer.

■ Peripheral: Proteins that weakly bind to hydrophilic head groups on

the inner or outer membrane surfaces.

Answer 10

Two types of plasma membrane protein

Question 11

Attach to proteins and lipids only on the external surface of cell membranes

Answer 11

CARB

Question 12

Uniport:

Answer 12

Transport of a single molecule in both directions

Question 13

.■ Coupled:

Answer 13

Transport of one molecule depends on the presence of another

(different) molecule.

Question 14

Transports molecules in the same direction.

Transports molecules in opposite directions.

Answer 14

Symport vs. ■ Antiport:

Question 15

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GMVFzdWk2QkE0NWc

Answer 15

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GZFd5NHRMVmtYTVk

Question 16

Facilitative bidirectional transporters of glucose

Answer 16

Glucose Transporters

Question 17

GLUT-1:

Answer 17

Erythrocytes, brain

Question 18

GLUT-2:

Answer 18

Liver, pancreas

Question 19

GLUT-3:

Answer 19

Neurons

Question 20

GLUT-4:

Answer 20

Muscle, adipose tissue

Question 21

GLUT-5:

Answer 21

Intestines, testes

Question 22

CNS =

Answer 22

brain + spinal cord

Question 23

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord:

Answer 23

PNS

Question 24

Cranial nerves.

■ Spinal nerves.

■ Nerve plexuses.

■ Associated spinal and autonomic ganglia.

Answer 24

PNS

Question 25

ANS =

Answer 25

nervous system involved in controlling involuntary functions.

■ Sympathetic.

■ Parasympathetic.

Question 26

Right and left.

■ Connected by corpus callosum.

■ Thick white matter tract; nerve fibers

Answer 26

TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

Question 27

Frontal lobes.

■

Answer 27

Control skilled motor behavior (precentral gyrus

Question 28

Parietal lobes.

Answer 28

■ Interpret somatosensory input (postcentral gyrus).

Question 29

Occipital lobes.

Answer 29

■ Interpret visual input.

Question 30

Temporal lobes.

■

Answer 30

Interpret auditory input.

Question 31

Thalamus + hypothalamus

Answer 31

Diencephalon

Question 32

thalamus

Answer 32

Ovoid mass of gray matter.

■ Ascending input (all sensory stimuli except olfactory) is relayed through

the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

Question 33

thalamus

Answer 33

Descending output (from cortex) can also pass through/synapse within

thalamus.

Question 34

Collection of nerve cells (nuclei).

■ Lies subcortical (at base of cerebrum).

■ Controls homeostatic processes.

■ Often associated with autonomic nervous system

Answer 34

hypothal.

Question 35

hyp.

Answer 35

Regulates:

■ Body temperature

■ Appetite

■ Water balance (thirst)

■ Sexual activity

■ Sleep

■ Emotions

■ Pituitary secretions: Releasing hormones to the pituitary gland (endocrine

system)

■ Autonomic functions: GI and cardiac activity, etc

Question 36

heat reg.

Answer 36

Controlled by the posterior hypothalamus.

■ Both heat generation and heat loss.

Question 37

Goal is to keep human body temperature constant.

■ Heat gained = heat loss.

Answer 37

heat regulation

Question 38

Potent mechanism for heat production.

■ When body core temperature drops the shivering reflex is triggered,

■ Causes fibrillation of muscle for heat production.

Answer 38

shivering

Question 39

When environmental temperature < body temperature,

■ Want to produce more heat

Answer 39

heat loss

Question 40

heat loss

Answer 40

When exercise or warm environment,

■ Want to give off excess heat:

■ Vasodilation of skin vessels.

■ ↑ sympathetic outflow to sweat glands

Question 41

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GbkxfNk1QenZIazA

Answer 41

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GMy1nOXF0Uy1WZzQ

Question 42

Primitive brain area.

■ Located deep in the temporal lobe.

■ Communicates with the cerebral cortex.

Answer 42

limbic system

Question 43

limbic syste

Answer 43

Initiates basic drives:

■ Hunger

■ Aggression

■ Emotional feelings

■ Sexual arousal

Question 44

Hippocampus

■ Functions in learning and memory

Answer 44

limbic system

Question 45

Amygdala■

Answer 45

Center of emotions.

■ Communicates with autonomic system (fight or flight).

■ Oxytocin and ADH receptors

Question 46

Located deep to cerebral cortex.

■ Controls complex patterns of voluntary motor behavior (inhibitory).

Answer 46

basal ganglia

Question 47

Includes:

■ Caudate nucleus.

■ Putamen.

■ Globus pallidus.

■ Substantia nigra.

■ Subthalamic nucleus.

Answer 47

basal ganglia