3. The Opportunistic Molds Flashcards
Common spp. of Acremonium
Acremonium falciforme
Acremonium kiliense
Macroscopic:
Rapid grower
White, cottony colonies
Acremonium spp.
Microscopic: hyaline, septate hyphae
Acremonium spp.
Microscopic: unbranched, solitary, erect phialides formed directly on the hyphal tips
Acremonium spp.
Microscopic: conidia usually in clusters or fragile chains
Acremonium spp.
Drugs for Acremonium spp. that exhibit good in vitro activity
Newer azoles (voriconazole, posaconazole)
Drug for Acremonium spp. with higher MIC than voriconazole
Itraconazole
Drug for Acremonium spp. with a relatively low MIC
Caspofungin
Normal mycoflora of commodities (rice)
Fusarium
Medically important Fusarium spp.
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium chlamydosporum
Fusarium solani
OCS
Disease caused by Fusarium spp.
Fusariosis
Macroscopic:
Rapid grower
Woolly to cottony
Flat
Spreading
Fusarium spp.
Microscopic:
Macroconidia - 2 or more cells , thick walled, smooth, cylindrical or sickle (canoe) shaped
Fusarium spp.
Common Geotrichum spp.
Geotrichum candidum
Geotrichum fici
Geotrichum clavatum
Macroscopic:
- Rapid growing
- White, dry
- Powdery to cottony colonies resembling ground glass
Geotrichum spp.
Macroscopic: colony may be yeastlike
Geotrichum spp.
Optimal growth temp of Geotrichum spp.
25°C
Microscopic: has Arthroconidia that is either rectangular or rounded at the ends
Geotrichum spp.
Microscopic: coarse true hyphae observed, may be undifferentiated
Geotrichum spp.
Most common Paecilomyces spp.
Paecilomyces lilacinus
Paecilomyces variotii
May resemble Penicillium spp. macroscopically and microscopically
Paecilomyces spp.
Macroscopic:
Rapid grower
Flat, powdery, velvety
Paecilomyces spp.
Thermophilic Paecilomyces spp.
P. variotii
Microscopic:
- Septate, hyaline hyphae
- Branched conidiophore
- Phialides swollen at the base and taper toward the apex
Paecilomyces spp.
Microscopic: usually grouped in pairs or brushlike clusters
Paecilomyces spp.
Microscopic: conidia are unicellular, hyaline to darkly colored, and form long chains
Paecilomyces spp.
Thermal dimorph Penicillium spp.
Penicillium marneffei
More common Penicillium spp.
Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillium citrinum
Fungi particularly virulent in patients with AIDS
Penicillium spp.
Macrosopic:
Rapid growing
Velvety, woolly, cottony
Penicillium spp.
Microscopic:
Flask-shaped phialides
Penicillium spp.
Microscopic:
Form brushlike clusters
Penicillium spp.
Microscopic:
Conidia are round, unicellular, form unbranching chains at the tips of phialides
Penicillium spp,
Contains both hyaline and dematiaceous fungi species
Scopulariopsis spp.
Common Scopulariopsis spp.
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (hyaline) Scopulariopsis cinerea (dematiaceous)
Causes onychomycosis on the toe nails
Scopulariopsis spp.
Macroscopic:
Grows moderately rapidly
Granular to powdery
Scopulariopsis spp.
Microscopic:
- Septate hyphae
- Conidiophores are hyphae-like and simple or branched
Scopulariopsis spp.
Enumerate the most and less common Aspergillus spp.
Most common:
A. fumigatus
A. flavus
A. niger
Less common:
A. clavatus
A. glaucus
A. nidulans
3 clinical settings for Aspergillosis
Toxin production
Allergic states
Opportunistic infections
Allergic reaction caused by Aspergillus spp.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Toxin produced by Aspergillus spp.
Aflatoxin
Macroscopic:
Rapid grower (matures in 3 days)
Apergillus spp.
How many days will Aspergillus spp. mature?
3 days
Aspergillus spp. that grows well at 45°C
A. fumigatus
Optimal growth temp of A. fumigatus
45°C
Microscopic:
- Septate hyphae
- Unbranched conidiophore from a “foot cell”
Aspergillus spp.
Microscopic:
Phialides cover the surface of the vesicle entirely (“radiate” head) or partially only at the upper surface (“columnar” head)
Aspergillus spp.
Microscopic:
Phialides are either uniseriate (attached to the vescile directly) or biseriate (attached to the vesicle via a supporting cell) metula
Aspergillus spp.
Microscopic: conidia from radial chains
Aspergillus spp.
Filamentous fungus in plant debris and soil
Acremonium spp.
