3. Religion + The Bishops Wars Flashcards
Who did Charles appoint as Archbishop of Canterbury and why?
William Laud in 1633 as Charles liked Laudianism. Especially the ‘beauty of holiness’.
What instructions did Laud issue that every Bishop had to enforce in every diocese?
Organs were installed for Church music, statues and colour were returned, the communion table was moved East to where it would be protected by rails to stop the Laity from approaching it.
What happened to people who criticised Charles’s Laudian reforms?
Prynee, Burton and Bastwick in 1637 were Puritans who wrote pamphlets criticising Laudian reforms. They were taken to the Star Chamber and had their ears cut off. From prison, Prynee continued to publish antiepiscopal pamphlets so he was branded with ‘seditious libeller’ which they then twisted, claiming the SL stood for ‘stigmata laudis’. They became martyrs to the anti- lauding cause. Large numbers of Puritans left England for the New World. John Williams was arrested in 1637 for criticising the Alter policy in ‘The holy table name and thing’.
How did Charles ensure conformity in the Churches?
Through strict supervision and visitations carried out by Bishops’ representatives. Offenders and recusants were brought before the Church courts.
What happened in Scotland to do with Laudian reforms?
In 1637, Charles tried to impose a Laudian prayer book on Presbyterian Scotland. Widespread rioting broke out and in 1638 many nobles and clergy signed the National Covenant, rejecting Laudian reforms.
What was Charles’s reaction to the National Covenant?
Charles gathered an English force and marched on the Scottish border in 1639. The first Bishops War ended with Charles signing the Treaty of Berwick in 1639 due to his insufficient funds and the lack of support form his troops.
How did the Second Bishops War begin?
Charles found out that Scotland are intriguing with France, so he wished to use force. He called the Short Parliament in 1640 but instead of helping against the Scots, they use the opportunity to air their grievances so Charles dissolved parliament only after 3 weeks. The Second Bishops war begins, and Charles is defeated at the Battle of Newburn so he signs the Treaty of Ripon in October 1640, forcing him to pay £850 a day to the Scots while they occupied Newcastle.
How did the Second Bishops war end?
The Scots had also seized Durham and Northumberland so Charles calls the Long Parliament in November 1640, beginning the Civil War.
The Treaty of London is signed in 1641, ending the Bishops Wars. This abolished Bishops from the Scottish Kirk as well as the remittance of payments to Scotland.
