3 - musculoskeletal conditions and procedures

Question 1

arthritis

Answer 1

inflammation of a joint, resulting from injury (ex: a fracture)

Question 2

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 2

destruction of the joint by immune system

Question 2

osteoarthritis

Answer 2

inflammation of a joint resulting from general use of the joint with age

Question 2

inflammation

Answer 2

common cause of pain and tenderness in musculoskeletal system

Question 3

bursitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the bursa

Question 4

tendonitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the tendon

Question 4

myositis

Answer 4

inflammation of the muscle

Question 4

fasciitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the fascia

Question 5

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 5

a syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling of the hand and wrist
caused by compression of the medial nerve when it passes under a ligament that connects to the wrist bones
common in patients who perform repetitive motions with their hands

Question 6

genu valgum

Answer 6

abnormal childhood condition of legs where ankles are distant and knees are close together
“knock knee”

Question 7

genu varum

Answer 7

abnormal childhood condition of legs where ankles are close and knees are distant
“bow leg”

Question 8

gout

Answer 8

disease where patient develops pain in the small joints of the hands and feet due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint

Question 9

abnormal curves of the spine

Answer 9

kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis

Question 10

kyphosis

Answer 10

exaggeration of the thoracic vertebrae (hunchback)

Question 11

lordosis

Answer 11

exaggeration of the lumbar vertebrae (abdomen and buttocks extend)

Question 12

scoliosis

Answer 12

abnormal lateral curve (S shape spine)

Question 13

myeloma

Answer 13

tumor of bone marrow

Question 14

osteosarcoma

Answer 14

malignant tumor of the bone

Question 15

myoma

Answer 15

tumor of the muscle

Question 16

myosarcoma

Answer 16

malignant tumor of the muscle tissue

Question 17

osteomyelitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by an infection from a pathogenic organism

Question 18

osteoporosis

Answer 18

condition where bone density decreases, causing bone fragility
leads to weakness and increased risk for bone fracture
common in postmenopausal women

Question 19

fractures

Answer 19

can occur due to trauma or disease; dependent on appearance, location, or nature or break (5 kinds - closed/simple, open/compound, compression, transverse, comminuted)

Question 19

closed (simple) fracture

Answer 19

skin is not broken

Question 20

open (compound) fracture

Answer 20

skin is broken; higher risk for infection and bleeding

Question 21

comminuted fracture

Answer 21

bone is shattered

Question 22

transverse fracture

Answer 22

break in shaft of bone

Question 23

compression fracture

Answer 23

two bones are pressed into each other

Question 24

common fractures in childhood

Answer 24

greenstick fracture and epiphyseal fracture

Question 25

greenstick fracture

Answer 25

bone shaft breaks in half

Question 26

epiphyseal fracture

Answer 26

break in growth plate at the end of a long bone

Question 27

treatment for fracture

Answer 27

require immobilization with a cast or splint; may require surgery (ORIF)

Question 28

ORIF = open reduction, internal fixation procedure

Answer 28

surgical repair of a severe fracture
fracture is reduced/put back in place in an open incision and then fixed with hardware
hardware (screws or plates) can be permanent or temporary

Question 29

muscular dystrophy

Answer 29

a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration

Question 30

arthrocentesis

Answer 30

surgical procedure to remove fluid in a joint

Question 31

arthroscopy

Answer 31

surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera

Question 32

arthroplasty

Answer 32

surgical procedure used to repair a joint
ex: hip arthroplasty surgery is where the hip joint is (partially OR completely) replaced

Question 33

craniectomy

Answer 33

surgical excision of a portion of the skull (CUT OUT)

Question 33

bone marrow transplant

Answer 33

surgical procedure where bone marrow is taken from a donor and placed into a patient
can be used to treat blood cancers

Question 34

craniotomy

Answer 34

surgical incision made into the skull (CUT INTO)

Question 35

laminectomy

Answer 35

surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae

Question 36

spondylosyndesis

Answer 36

spinal binding; surgical procedure where two vertebrae are fused together
results in loss of movement between vertebrae
common treatment for back pain caused by injury to the intervertebral discs