3 - musculoskeletal conditions and procedures Flashcards
arthritis
inflammation of a joint, resulting from injury (ex: a fracture)
rheumatoid arthritis
destruction of the joint by immune system
osteoarthritis
inflammation of a joint resulting from general use of the joint with age
inflammation
common cause of pain and tenderness in musculoskeletal system
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
carpal tunnel syndrome
a syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling of the hand and wrist
caused by compression of the medial nerve when it passes under a ligament that connects to the wrist bones
common in patients who perform repetitive motions with their hands
genu valgum
abnormal childhood condition of legs where ankles are distant and knees are close together
“knock knee”
genu varum
abnormal childhood condition of legs where ankles are close and knees are distant
“bow leg”
gout
disease where patient develops pain in the small joints of the hands and feet due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint
abnormal curves of the spine
kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis
kyphosis
exaggeration of the thoracic vertebrae (hunchback)
lordosis
exaggeration of the lumbar vertebrae (abdomen and buttocks extend)
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve (S shape spine)
myeloma
tumor of bone marrow
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of the bone
myoma
tumor of the muscle
myosarcoma
malignant tumor of the muscle tissue
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by an infection from a pathogenic organism
osteoporosis
condition where bone density decreases, causing bone fragility
leads to weakness and increased risk for bone fracture
common in postmenopausal women
fractures
can occur due to trauma or disease; dependent on appearance, location, or nature or break (5 kinds - closed/simple, open/compound, compression, transverse, comminuted)
closed (simple) fracture
skin is not broken
open (compound) fracture
skin is broken; higher risk for infection and bleeding
comminuted fracture
bone is shattered
transverse fracture
break in shaft of bone
compression fracture
two bones are pressed into each other
common fractures in childhood
greenstick fracture and epiphyseal fracture
greenstick fracture
bone shaft breaks in half
epiphyseal fracture
break in growth plate at the end of a long bone
treatment for fracture
require immobilization with a cast or splint; may require surgery (ORIF)
ORIF = open reduction, internal fixation procedure
surgical repair of a severe fracture
fracture is reduced/put back in place in an open incision and then fixed with hardware
hardware (screws or plates) can be permanent or temporary
muscular dystrophy
a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration
arthrocentesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid in a joint
arthroscopy
surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera
arthroplasty
surgical procedure used to repair a joint
ex: hip arthroplasty surgery is where the hip joint is (partially OR completely) replaced
craniectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the skull (CUT OUT)
bone marrow transplant
surgical procedure where bone marrow is taken from a donor and placed into a patient
can be used to treat blood cancers
craniotomy
surgical incision made into the skull (CUT INTO)
laminectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae
spondylosyndesis
spinal binding; surgical procedure where two vertebrae are fused together
results in loss of movement between vertebrae
common treatment for back pain caused by injury to the intervertebral discs
