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medical terminology > 2 - definitions > Flashcards

2 - definitions Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life

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2
Q

anatomical terminology

A

terms used to describe specific locations, positions, or directions of the human body

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3
Q

“anatomy” breakdown

A

“ana” = apart + “tome” = to cut

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4
Q

body organization (smallest to largest)

A

atom < molecule < organelle < cell < tissue < organ < organ system < organism

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5
Q

cell

A

basic building block of the human body

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6
Q

tissue

A

a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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7
Q

four main types of tissue

A

connective, epithelial, nervous, muscle

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8
Q

6 functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. protection (physical barrier)
  2. sensation (specialized cells in skin/eyes/ears/nose/tongue)
  3. absorption (lines small intestine for nutrient absorption)
  4. excretion (kidneys and sweat)
  5. secretion (hormones/enzymes/fluids)
  6. diffusion (gas exchange in lungs and vessels)
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9
Q

most common type of tissue

A

connective

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10
Q

three kinds of muscle tissue

A
  1. smooth - organs (involuntary / autonomic)
  2. skeletal - bones // movement and posture (voluntary)
  3. cardiac - heart (involuntary / autonomic)
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11
Q

nervous tissue

A

communicates throughout the body and controls function; conducts electricity

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12
Q

organs

A

structures, formed by combinations of tissue coming together, in the body that perform specific purposes

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13
Q

organ systems

A

groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose

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14
Q

integumentary system

A

(skin) protective membrane, temperature regulator, sensory receptor

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15
Q

skeletal system

A

framework/support, shape, protection, mineral storage, movement via joints

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16
Q

muscular system

A

movement and heat production, posture maintenance

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17
Q

nervous system

A

transmits impulses, responds to change, responsible for communication and controls all parts of body

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18
Q

endocrine system

A

has glands that produce hormones (chemical messengers) that aid in communication within and control over the various parts of the body

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19
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones, and removes waste products

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20
Q

blood/lymphatic system

A

transports oxygen/carbon dioxide/protein/fluids, contains chemical substances and cells that act to protect body from foreign substances (immunity)

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21
Q

respiratory system

A

provides usable oxygen for the body used by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste, carbon dioxide

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22
Q

digestive system

A

digestion, absorption, and elimination

23
Q

urinary system

A

produces, transports, and eliminates urine; maintain electrolyte/water/acid-base balance of body

24
Q

reproductive system

A

responsible for sexual characteristics; proper function ensures progeny and maintaining human race

25
Q

anatomical position (standard)

A

upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front

26
Q

pov (orientation of R and L) of anatomic position

A

the subject NOT the observer

27
Q

body planes

A

the four sections in which the body is divided; sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and coronal

28
Q

sagittal

A

separates body or structure vertically to right and left sections

29
Q

midsagittal plane

A

separates body or structure vertically to EQUAL right and left sections down the midline

30
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

separates body or structure horizontally into superior and inferior sections

31
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

separates body or structure perpendicular to midsagittal plane to anterior and posterior sections

32
Q

directional terms

A

describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part (anatomical position is assumed)

33
Q

body cavities

A

hollow spaces enclosed with membranes that contain organs; cranial, thoracic, spinal, abdominopelvic

34
Q

cranial cavity

A

posterior; contains the brain and is protected by a membrane sac (meninges) and the skull

35
Q

spinal cavity

A

posterior; contains the spinal cord and is protected by meninges and cervical/thoracic/lumbar vertebrae

36
Q

thoracic cavity

A

anterior; contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland, is protected by the ribs, and separated into the mediastinum and pleural cavities

37
Q

mediastinum

A

central region containing heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta and thymus gland

38
Q

pleural cavities

A

two regions lateral to the mediastinum; each contains a lung and covered by the membrane, the pleura

39
Q

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

the diaphragm

40
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

anterior; two main sections (w/ NO PHYSICAL DIVIDER): abdominal and pelvic cavities, covered by the peritoneum

41
Q

abdominal cavity

A

superior section; contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of large intestine

42
Q

pelvic cavity

A

inferior section; contains urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, last section of large intestine, and reproductive organs (sex specific)
______
Male: prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and vas deferens
Female: vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

43
Q

abdominal regions (anatomical system)

A
  1. hypochondriac regions (R and L)
  2. epigastric region
  3. lumbar regions (R and L)
  4. umbilical region
  5. iliac regions (R and L)
  6. hypogastric region
44
Q

abdominal quadrants (clinical system)

A
  1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)
45
Q

RUQ contains

A

majority of liver, right kidney, some large intestine, small portion of pancreas, gallbladder, and section of small intestine

46
Q

RLQ contains

A

portions of large and small intestine, right ureter, appendix, (females - right ovary and fallopian tube)

47
Q

LUQ contains

A

a small portion of liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of pancreas, portions of small and large intestines

48
Q

LLQ contains

A

portions of small and large intestines, left ureter, (females - left ovary and fallopian tube)

49
Q

Body position terminology

A

commonly used in surgical positioning for efficiency; prone, supine, lithotomy position, and fowler position

50
Q

prone

A

body positioned horizontally, face down, back oriented superiorly

51
Q

supine

A

body positioned horizontally, face up, back oriented inferiorly

52
Q

lithotomy position

A

supine position, buttocks at end of table, hips and knees, flexed, and feet in stirrups

53
Q

fowler position

A

semi-recumbent position and supine but head of bed is elevated 45*

medical terminology (34 decks)

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