3 - integumentary basics

Question 1

What is the primary organ of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

skin (integument)

Question 2

four functions of skin

Answer 2

protection
temperature regulation
sensation
secretion

Question 3

What are the two layers of the skin?

Answer 3

epidermis + dermis

Question 4

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? (deep to superficial)

Answer 4

germinativum < stratum spinosum < stratum granulosum < stratum lucidum < stratum corneum

Question 5

What is the protein that makes up the majority of hair and nails?

Answer 5

keratin

Question 6

what colors the skin

Answer 6

melanin

Question 7

accessory structures of the skin

Answer 7

nails, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Question 8

Langerhans cells

Answer 8

cells of the immune system found in the stratum spinosum that function to protect the body from invading microorganisms

Question 9

what is the dermis composed of

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

macule

Answer 10

flat, discolored spot on the skin
ex: mole

Question 11

wheal

Answer 11

localized, temporary elevation of the skin that is itchy
ex: urticaria or hives

Question 12

papule

Answer 12

solid, confined and elevated area on the skin
ex: pimple

Question 13

vesicle

Answer 13

small, fluid-filled sac
ex: blister

Question 14

pustule

Answer 14

small, elevated confined lesion that is filled with pus
ex: pimple or chicken pox

Question 15

ulcer

Answer 15

erosion or eating away of healthy tissue
ex: canker sore

Question 16

fissure

Answer 16

crack-lick slit in skin that extends through the epidermis to the dermis
ex: cracks on scaly heels

Question 17

hair structures

Answer 17

root (in hair follicle) + shaft (visible portion)

Question 18

arrector pili (muscle)

Answer 18

small muscle attached to follicle that contracts and causes hair to straighten - either in response to body cooling or emotional response

Question 19

nail function

Answer 19

to protect tips of fingers and toes

Question 20

nail sections

Answer 20

nail root, nail bed, nail body, lunula, free edge, cuticle/eponychium

Question 21

sebaceous glands

Answer 21

oil secreting glands (open into hair follicle)
lubricate nails and hair

Question 22

sweat glands

Answer 22

water + salt + chemical secreting glands (open onto surface of skin)
cools body and removes waste

Question 23

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 23

triggered by puberty; found in axillae, nipples, groin

Question 24

merocrine sweat glands

Answer 24

from birth; located throughout body, but especially palms and soles